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Bone malrotation predominantly occurs after an injury where a bone is fractured, however malrotation can genetically occur during foetal development. It usually occurs during a surgery which involves intramedullary nailing, which is the insertion of metal rods and nails to stabilise bones.
One potential complication of intramedullary nailing after a fracture is bone malrotation, where the broken bone is fixated out of alignment and heals incorrectly, causing a rotated limb. Lower screws holding intramedullary rods can sometimes cause limited dorsiflexion as a result of damage and subsequent healing and fibrotic developments ...
In general abnormalities arise within the jaw when there is a disturbance or fault in the fusion of the mandibular processes. The mandible in particular has the most differential typical growth anomalies than any other bone in the human skeleton. This is due to variants in the complex symmetrical growth pattern which formulates the mandible. [1]
Intestinal malrotation is more commonly identified in patients with right atrial isomerism than in those with left atrial isomerism. [ citation needed ] Isomeric patients often experience disruptions to splenic development during embryogenesis , resulting in an overall lack a spleen ( asplenia ) or development of many spleens ( polysplenia ).
Intestinal malrotation is a congenital anomaly of rotation of the midgut. It occurs during the first trimester as the fetal gut undergoes a complex series of growth and development. Malrotation can lead to a dangerous complication called volvulus, in which cases emergency surgery is indicated. [1]
Other complications may include non-union, where the fractured bone fails to heal, or malunion, where the fractured bone heals in a deformed manner. One form of malunion is the malrotation of a bone, which is especially common after femoral and tibial fractures. [6]
Asplenia with cardiovascular anomalies, also known as Ivemark syndrome and right atrial isomerism, [1] is an example of a heterotaxy syndrome.These uncommon congenital disorders are characterized by defects in the heart, spleen and paired organs such as the lungs and kidneys.
Prune belly syndrome (PBS) is a rare, genetic birth defect affecting about 1 in 40,000 births. [4] About 97% of those affected are male. Prune belly syndrome is a congenital disorder of the urinary system, characterized by a triad of symptoms.