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In programming language type theory, row polymorphism is a kind of polymorphism that allows one to write programs that are polymorphic on row types such as record types and polymorphic variants. [1] A row-polymorphic type system and proof of type inference was introduced by Mitchell Wand. [2] [3]
Programming languages or their standard libraries that support multi-dimensional arrays typically have a native row-major or column-major storage order for these arrays. Row-major order is used in C / C++ / Objective-C (for C-style arrays), PL/I , [ 4 ] Pascal , [ 5 ] Speakeasy , [ citation needed ] and SAS .
The Pascal programming language was one of the first languages to fully integrate record types with other basic types into a logically consistent type system. The PL/I language provided for COBOL-style records. The C language provides the record concept using structs.
Illustration of row- and column-major order. Matrix representation is a method used by a computer language to store column-vector matrices of more than one dimension in memory. Fortran and C use different schemes for their native arrays. Fortran uses "Column Major" , in which all the elements for a given column are stored contiguously in memory.
Interest in polymorphic type systems developed significantly in the 1990s, with practical implementations beginning to appear by the end of the decade. Ad hoc polymorphism and parametric polymorphism were originally described in Christopher Strachey's Fundamental Concepts in Programming Languages, [5] where they are listed as "the two main classes" of polymorphism.
In computer science, a database cursor is a mechanism that enables traversal over the records in a database. Cursors facilitate processing in conjunction with the traversal, such as retrieval, addition and removal of database records. The database cursor characteristic of traversal makes cursors akin to the programming language concept of iterator.
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Many programming languages require garbage collection, either as part of the language specification (e.g., RPL, Java, C#, D, [4] Go, and most scripting languages) or effectively for practical implementation (e.g., formal languages like lambda calculus). [5] These are said to be garbage-collected languages.