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It is the hexokinase found in muscle and heart. Hexokinase II is also located at the mitochondria outer membrane so it can have direct access to ATP. [7] The relative specific activity of hexokinase II increases with pH at least in a pH range from 6.9 to 8.5. [8] Hexokinase III/C is substrate-inhibited by glucose at physiological concentrations.
Hexokinase II, also known as Hexokinase B and HK2, is an enzyme which in humans is encoded by the HK2 gene on chromosome 2. [5] [6] Hexokinases phosphorylate glucose to produce glucose 6-phosphate, the first step in most glucose metabolism pathways. Hexokinase II is the predominant hexokinase form found in skeletal muscle.
Hexokinase domain containing 1 (HKDC1) is an enzyme which in humans is encoded by the HKDC1 gene on chromosome 10. [5] It is a recently discovered hexokinase isoform that likely phosphorylates glucose in maternal metabolism during pregnancy.
[clarification needed] The hexokinase enzyme has a low Michaelis constant (K m), indicating a high affinity for glucose, so this initial phosphorylation can proceed even when glucose levels at nanoscopic scale within the blood.
Hexokinase I, also known as hexokinase A and HK1, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the HK1 gene on chromosome 10. Hexokinases phosphorylate glucose to produce glucose-6-phosphate (G6P), the first step in most glucose metabolism pathways. This gene encodes a ubiquitous form of hexokinase which localizes to the outer membrane of ...
Hexokinase III, also known as hexokinase C, is an enzyme which in humans is encoded by the Hk3 gene on chromosome 5. [ 5 ] [ 6 ] Hexokinases phosphorylate glucose to produce glucose-6-phosphate , the first step in most glucose metabolism pathways.
The polyol metabolic pathway. [6]Cells use glucose for energy.This normally occurs by phosphorylation from the enzyme hexokinase. However, if large amounts of glucose are present (as in diabetes mellitus), hexokinase becomes saturated and the excess glucose enters the polyol pathway when aldose reductase reduces it to sorbitol.
Mutations in the hexokinase gene can lead to a hexokinase deficiency which can cause nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia. [27] Phosphofructokinase, or PFK, catalyzes the conversion of fructose-6-phosphate to fructose-1,6-bisphosphate and is an important point in the regulation of glycolysis. High levels of ATP, H +, and citrate inhibit PFK. If ...