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Outside of the game of chess, "pawn" is often taken to mean "one who is manipulated to serve another's purpose". [11] [12] Because the pawn is the weakest piece, it is often used metaphorically to indicate unimportance or outright disposability, only having utility in the ability to be controlled; for example, "She's only a pawn in their game."
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A chess piece, or chessman, is a game piece that is placed on a chessboard to play the game of chess. It can be either white or black , and it can be one of six types: king , queen , rook , bishop , knight , or pawn .
Staunton style chess pieces. Left to right: king, rook, queen, pawn, knight, bishop. The rules of chess (also known as the laws of chess) govern the play of the game of chess. Chess is a two-player abstract strategy board game. Each player controls sixteen pieces of six types on a chessboard. Each type of piece moves in a distinct way.
Of the chess pieces, 60 are major pieces and 19 are pawns. [n 3] In addition to the carved chess pieces, the hoard includes 14 plain ivory discs, [n 4] as well as a single ivory buckle, which might have been part of a bag holding the pieces. [1] Most pieces are carved from walrus tusk ivory, while at least three are made from whale tooth. [17]
A pawn is referred to by the file on which it stands: a rook pawn is on the a- or h-file, a knight pawn is on the b- or g-file, a bishop pawn is on the c- or f-file. A central pawn is a queen pawn or a king pawn, on the d- or e-file. When designating a position as a win or a draw, optimal play by both sides is assumed.
Although there are 19 pawns (a complete set requires 16), they have the greatest range of sizes of all the pieces, which has suggested that the 79 chess pieces might belong to at least five sets. [17] All the pawns are smaller, geometric shapes – cylinders and "tombstones" – perhaps intended to resemble boundary markers.
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