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Chronic pain is also described as the pain experienced when the child reports a headache, abdominal pain, back pain, generalized pain, or a combination of these. Chronic pain can develop from disease or injury and co-occur with acute pain. Children who experience chronic pain can have psychological effects.
The management of chronic pain in children aims also to help the child and their family reintegrate into a more functional routine and improve their daily struggle. The focus changes from immediate pain relief to enhancing functional improvements while managing the presence of pain.
Pain management often uses a multidisciplinary approach for easing the suffering and improving the quality of life of anyone experiencing pain, [2] whether acute pain or chronic pain. Relief of pain in general (analgesia) is often an acute affair, whereas managing chronic pain requires additional dimensions.
Interventional pain management or interventional pain medicine is a medical subspecialty defined by the National Uniforms Claims Committee (NUCC) as, " invasive interventions such as the discipline of medicine devoted to the diagnosis and treatment of pain related disorders principally with the application of interventional techniques in managing sub acute, chronic, persistent, and intractable ...
Psychological factors that affect pain include self-efficacy, anxiety, fear, abuse, life stressors, and pain catastrophizing, which is particularly responsive to behavioral interventions. [7] In addition, one's genetic predisposition to psychological distress and pain sensitivity will affect pain management.
The International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) defines chronic pain as a general pain without biological value that sometimes continues even after the healing of the affected area; [8] [9] a type of pain that cannot be classified as acute pain [b] and lasts longer than expected to heal, or typically, pain that has been experienced on most days or daily for the past six months, is ...
[55] [56] A 2011 Cochrane review found strong evidence that suggests there is no clinically meaningful difference between spinal manipulation therapy and other treatments for reducing pain and improving function for chronic low back pain. [57]
Other techniques used in the management of chronic pain may also be of use; these include massage, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, trigger point injections, surgical ablation, and non-interventional therapies such as meditation, yoga, and music and art therapy. [3] There are also interventions known as pain control programs that ...