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Perovskite (pronunciation: / p ə ˈ r ɒ v s k aɪ t /) is a calcium titanium oxide mineral composed of calcium titanate (chemical formula Ca Ti O 3).Its name is also applied to the class of compounds which have the same type of crystal structure as CaTiO 3, known as the perovskite structure, which has a general chemical formula A 2+ B 4+ (X 2−) 3. [6]
A perovskite is a crystalline material of formula ABX 3 with a crystal structure similar to that of the mineral perovskite, this latter consisting of calcium titanium oxide (CaTiO 3). [2] The mineral was first discovered in the Ural mountains of Russia by Gustav Rose in 1839 and named after Russian mineralogist L. A. Perovski (1792–1856).
Perovskite quantum dot solar cell technology may extend cell durability, which remains a critical limitation. [38] In order to overcome the instability issues with lead-based organic perovskite materials in ambient air and reduce the use of lead, perovskite derivatives, such as Cs 2 SnI 6 double perovskite, have been investigated. [39]
Ruddlesden-Popper (RP) phases are a type of perovskite structure that consists of two-dimensional perovskite-like slabs interleaved with cations.The general formula of an RP phase is A n+1 B n X 3n+1, where A and B are cations, X is an anion (e.g., oxygen), and n is the number of octahedral layers in the perovskite-like stack. [1]
Perovskite MAPbX 3 thin films have been shown to be promising materials for optical gain applications such as lasers and optical amplifiers. [137] [138] Afterwards, the lasing properties of colloidal perovskite NCs such as CsPbX 3 nanocubes, [19] [139] MAPbBr 3 nanoplatelets [113] and FAPbX 3 nanocubes [83] [82] were also demonstrated.
Initially discovered in mixed-valence perovskite manganites in the 1950s by G. H. Jonker and J. H. van Santen, [5] [6] a first theoretical description in terms of the double-exchange mechanism was given early on. In this model, the spin orientation of adjacent Mn moments is associated with kinetic exchange of e g-electrons. Consequently ...
Aurivillius phases are a form of perovskite represented by the general formulae is (Bi 2 O 2)(A n−1 B n O 3n+1) (where A is a large 12 co-ordinate cation, and B is a small 6 co-ordinate cation).
Rare-earth elements form a range of perovskite nickelates, in which the properties vary systematically as the rare-earth element changes. Fine tuning of properties is achievable with mixtures of elements, applying stress or pressure, or varying the physical form.