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  2. Microwave burn - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microwave_burn

    The depth of penetration depends on the frequency of the microwaves and the tissue type. The Active Denial System ("pain ray") is a less-lethal directed energy weapon that employs a microwave beam at 95 GHz; a two-second burst of the 95 GHz focused beam heats the skin to a temperature of 130 °F (54 °C) at a depth of 1/64th of an inch (0.4 mm) and is claimed to cause skin pain without lasting ...

  3. Electromagnetic radiation and health - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_radiation...

    Exposure to ELF waves can induce an electric current. Because the human body is conductive, electric currents and resulting voltages differences typically accumulate on the skin but do not reach interior tissues. [22] People can start to perceive high-voltage charges as tingling when hair or clothing in contact with the skin stands up or ...

  4. Skin effect - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skin_effect

    Cause of skin effect. A main current I flowing through a conductor induces a magnetic field H.If the current increases, as in this figure, the resulting increase in H induces separate, circulating eddy currents I W which partially cancel the current flow in the center and reinforce it near the skin.

  5. Fluorescent lamps and health - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluorescent_lamps_and_health

    An open (single envelope) CFL [12] An encapsulated/closed (double envelope) CFL. Some fluorescent lamps emit ultraviolet radiation. [citation needed] The Health Protection Agency of the United Kingdom has conducted research concluding that exposure to open (single envelope) compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs) for over 1 hour per day at a distance of less than 30 cm can exceed guideline levels as ...

  6. Electrical injury - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_injury

    Very small currents may be imperceptible or only produce a light tingling sensation. However, a shock caused by low and otherwise harmless current could startle an individual and cause injury due to jerking away or falling. A strong electric shock can often cause painful muscle spasms severe enough to dislocate joints or even to break bones.

  7. Electrical burn - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_burn

    They can exclusively cause surface damage, but more often tissues deeper underneath the skin have been severely damaged. As a result, electrical burns are difficult to accurately diagnose, and many people underestimate the severity of their burn. In extreme cases, electricity can cause shock to the brain, strain to the heart, and injury to ...

  8. Radiation burn - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiation_burn

    Out of 28 deaths, 16 had skin injuries listed among the causes. The beta activity was extremely high, with beta/gamma ratio reaching 10–30 [clarification needed] and beta energy high enough to damage basal layer of the skin, resulting in large area portals for infections, exacerbated by damage to bone marrow and weakened immune system. Some ...

  9. Human thermoregulation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_thermoregulation

    As in other mammals, human thermoregulation is an important aspect of homeostasis. In thermoregulation, body heat is generated mostly in the deep organs, especially the liver, brain, and heart, and in contraction of skeletal muscles. [1] Humans have been able to adapt to a great diversity of climates, including hot humid and hot arid.