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Influenza hemagglutinin: a homotrimeric glycoprotein that is found on the surface of influenza viruses which is responsible for their infectivity. [13] Influenza strains are named for the specific hemagglutinin variant they produce, along with the specific variant of another surface protein, neuraminidase.
Hemagglutinin is a class I fusion protein, [1] [2] having multifunctional activity as both an attachment factor and membrane fusion protein. Therefore, HA is responsible for binding influenza viruses to sialic acid on the surface of target cells, such as cells in the upper respiratory tract or erythrocytes , [ 3 ] resulting in the ...
Sialic acid is a negatively charged sugar associated with the protein and lipid portions of lipoproteins. [ citation needed ] To infect a host cell, the influenza virus attaches to the exterior cell surface using hemagglutinin , a molecule found on the surface of the virus that binds to sialic acid groups.
Two viral proteins; hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA), are inserted into the envelope and are exposed as spikes on the surface of the virion. Both proteins are antigenic; a host's immune system can react to them and produce antibodies in response. The M2 protein forms an ion channel in the envelope and is responsible for uncoating the ...
The HA-tag is a protein tag derived from the human influenza hemagglutinin (HA) protein, which allows the virus to target and enter host cells. An HA-tag is composed of a peptide derived from the HA-molecule corresponding to amino acids 98-106, which can be recognized and selectively bound by commercially available antibodies .
Subtypes of IAV are defined by the combination of the antigenic H and N proteins in the viral envelope; for example, "H1N1" designates an IAV subtype that has a type-1 hemagglutinin (H) protein and a type-1 neuraminidase (N) protein. [7] Almost all possible combinations of H (1 through 16) and N (1 through 11) have been isolated from wild birds ...
In Bordetella pertussis, the infectious agent in childhood whooping cough, filamentous haemagglutinin (FHA) is a surface-exposed and secreted protein that acts as a major virulence attachment factor, functioning as both a primary adhesin and an immunomodulator to bind the bacterial to cells of the respiratory epithelium. [2]
Sequence alignment of 27 H9N2 avian influenza hemagglutinin protein sequences. The top section is colored by residue conservation and the bottom by residue chemical properties. Alignment produced with ClustalW. Date: 19 July 2006: Source: Own work: Author: Opabinia regalis: Permission (Reusing this file) GDFL