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  2. Heritability - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heritability

    The effect of shared environment, c 2, contributes to similarity between siblings due to the commonality of the environment they are raised in. Shared environment is approximated by the DZ correlation minus half heritability, which is the degree to which DZ twins share the same genes, c 2 =DZ-1/2h 2.

  3. List of common misconceptions - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_common_misconceptions

    3.2 Biology. 3.2.1 Mammals. 3.2.2 Birds. ... Each entry on this list of common misconceptions is worded as a correction; the misconceptions themselves are implied ...

  4. Race (biology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Race_(biology)

    [17] [24] A 2004 literature review of this issue concluded that "race identification is important for basic research and is especially important for the commercial seed industry", but was seen as having little utility in horticulture for choosing specific cultivars, because of the rapidity with which the local pathogen population can change ...

  5. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minnesota_Multiphasic...

    The University of Minnesota Press published a new version of the MMPI-2, the MMPI-2 Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF), in 2008. [31] The MMPI-2-RF builds on the Restructured Clinical (RC) scales developed in 2003, [ 9 ] and subsequently subjected to extensive research, [ 32 ] with an overriding goal of improved discriminant validity , or the ...

  6. Cortisol - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cortisol

    [22] [23] [24] This viral strategy can have severe consequences for the host (human that is infected by the virus), as cortisol is essential for regulating various physiological processes, such as metabolism, blood pressure, inflammation, and immune response. A lack of cortisol can result in a condition called adrenal insufficiency, which can ...

  7. Constipation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constipation

    Constipation is the most common chronic gastrointestinal disorder in adults. Depending on the definition employed, it occurs in 2% to 20% of the population. [18] [58] It is more common in women, the elderly and children. [58] Specifically constipation with no known cause affects females more often affected than males. [59]

  8. Hybrid (biology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_(biology)

    In biology, a hybrid is the offspring resulting from combining the qualities of two organisms of different varieties, subspecies, species or genera through sexual reproduction. Generally, it means that each cell has genetic material from two different organisms, whereas an individual where some cells are derived from a different organism is ...

  9. Academic grading in Spain - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academic_grading_in_Spain

    Spanish universities use two different grading scales. The students' performance is assessed using a 0 to 10-point grading scale, where 10 corresponds to the 100% of the academical contents of the course which in turn are regulated by the Ministry of Education as established in the Spanish Constitution (Article 149) [2] and in the Organic Law for Universities. [3]