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  2. Cellular respiration - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellular_respiration

    Cellular respiration may be described as a set of metabolic reactions and processes that take place in the cells of organisms to transfer chemical energy from nutrients to ATP, and then release waste products. [1] Cellular respiration is a vital process that occurs in the cells of all [[plants and some bacteria ]].

  3. Cellular waste product - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellular_waste_product

    Cellular waste products are formed as a by-product of cellular respiration, a series of processes and reactions that generate energy for the cell, in the form of ATP. One example of cellular respiration creating cellular waste products are aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration .

  4. Atmospheric escape - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmospheric_escape

    One classical thermal escape mechanism is Jeans escape, [1] named after British astronomer Sir James Jeans, who first described this process of atmospheric loss. [2] In a quantity of gas, the average velocity of any one molecule is measured by the gas's temperature, but the velocities of individual molecules change as they collide with one another, gaining and losing kinetic energy.

  5. Glycolysis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycolysis

    Summary of aerobic respiration. Glycolysis is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose (C 6 H 12 O 6) into pyruvate and, in most organisms, occurs in the liquid part of cells (the cytosol). The free energy released in this process is used to form the high-energy molecules adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and reduced nicotinamide adenine ...

  6. Respiration (physiology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Respiration_(physiology)

    During respiration the C-H bonds are broken by oxidation-reduction reaction and so carbon dioxide and water are also produced. The cellular energy-yielding process is called cellular respiration. Classifications of respiration

  7. Oxidative phosphorylation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxidative_phosphorylation

    Glycolysis produces only 2 ATP molecules, but somewhere between 30 and 36 ATPs are produced by the oxidative phosphorylation of the 10 NADH and 2 succinate molecules made by converting one molecule of glucose to carbon dioxide and water, [6] while each cycle of beta oxidation of a fatty acid yields about 14 ATPs. These ATP yields are ...

  8. Cytochrome c oxidase - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytochrome_c_oxidase

    Other ligands, such as nitric oxide and hydrogen sulfide, can also inhibit COX by binding to regulatory sites on the enzyme, reducing the rate of cellular respiration. [21] Cyanide is a non-competitive inhibitor for COX, [22] [23] binding with high affinity to the partially-reduced state of the enzyme and hindering further reduction of the ...

  9. Citric acid cycle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citric_acid_cycle

    The reactions of the cycle are carried out by eight enzymes that completely oxidize acetate (a two carbon molecule), in the form of acetyl-CoA, into two molecules each of carbon dioxide and water. Through catabolism of sugars, fats, and proteins, the two-carbon organic product acetyl-CoA is produced which enters the citric acid cycle.