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They divided the archaeological record in the Americas into five phases, only three of which applied to North America. [1] The use of these divisions has diminished in most of North America due to the development of local classifications with more elaborate breakdowns of times. [2] 1. The Paleo-Indians stage and/or Lithic stage 2. The Archaic ...
Reconstruction of a Neolithic farmstead, Irish National Heritage Park.The Neolithic saw the invention of agriculture.. The Neolithic or New Stone Age (from Greek νέος néos 'new' and λίθος líthos 'stone') is an archaeological period, the final division of the Stone Age in Europe, Asia, Mesopotamia and Africa (c. 10,000 BC to c. 2,000 BC).
The 14th century in America probably also brought decline of the Mississippian culture, especially in the northern states. Dendroclimatology suggests that severe droughts ravaged the American Southwest and especially the Southern Plains early in the period, leading to a rapid cultural decline.
Name Location Culture Period Comment Ref Tell Abu Hureyra: Mesopotamia: Natufian culture: c. 11,000 BCE – 7,500 BCE [1]Tell Qaramel: Syria, Levant: Pre-Pottery ...
Examples include the early Maya and the Toltec. The Post-Classic stage; Defined as "later prehispanic civilizations" and typically dated from 1200 CE until the advent of European colonisation. The late Maya, the Incan civilization, and the Aztec cultures were Post-Classic.
Neolithic period c. 10,000 – 2100 BCE Ancient China c. 2100 – 221 BCE Imperial period c. 221 BCE – 1911 CE Modern period. Americas North America North America: Lithic/Paleo-Indian (pre 8000 BCE) Archaic (c. 8000 – 1000 BCE) Woodland (1000 BCE to 1000 CE) Mississippian (800 CE to 1600 CE) Mesoamerica Mesoamerica: Lithic/Paleo-Indian (pre ...
Many pre-Columbian civilizations established permanent or urban settlements, agriculture, and complex societal hierarchies. In North America, indigenous cultures in the Lower Mississippi Valley during the Middle Archaic period built complexes of multiple mounds, with several in Louisiana dated to 5600–5000 BP (3700 BC–3100 BC).
The Toltec civilization was established in the 8th century CE. The Toltec Empire expanded its political borders to as far south as the Yucatán peninsula, including the Maya city of Chichen Itza. The Toltecs established vast trading relations with other Mesoamerican civilizations in Central America and the Puebloans in present-day New Mexico.