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Paper density is a paper product's mass per unit volume. The density can be calculated by dividing the grammage of paper (in grams per square metre or "gsm") by its caliper (usually in micrometres, occasionally in mils). [1] The "ISO 534:2011, Paper and board — Determination of thickness, density and specific volume" indicates that the paper ...
Mathematically, density is defined as mass divided by volume: [1] =, where ρ is the density, m is the mass, and V is the volume. In some cases (for instance, in the United States oil and gas industry), density is loosely defined as its weight per unit volume , [ 2 ] although this is scientifically inaccurate – this quantity is more ...
This theoretical weight is the weight of the package at a minimum density chosen by the freight carrier. If the package is below this minimum density, then the actual weight is irrelevant as the freight carrier will charge for the volume of the package as if it were of the chosen density (what the package would weigh at the minimum density).
The specific weight, also known as the unit weight (symbol γ, the Greek letter gamma), is a volume-specific quantity defined as the weight W divided by the volume V of a material: = / Equivalently, it may also be formulated as the product of density, ρ, and gravity acceleration, g: = Its unit of measurement in the International System of Units (SI) is newton per cubic metre (N/m 3), with ...
British imperial measures distinguish between weight and volume. Weight is measured in ounces and pounds (avoirdupois) as in the U.S. Volume is measured in imperial gallons, quarts, pints, fluid ounces, fluid drachms, and minims. The imperial gallon was originally defined as 10 pounds (4.5359 kg) of water in 1824, and refined as exactly 4.54609 ...
Using the number density as a function of spatial coordinates, the total number of objects N in the entire volume V can be calculated as = (,,), where dV = dx dy dz is a volume element. If each object possesses the same mass m 0 , the total mass m of all the objects in the volume V can be expressed as m = ∭ V m 0 n ( x , y , z ) d V ...
The kilogram per cubic metre (symbol: kg·m −3, or kg/m 3) is the unit of density in the International System of Units (SI). It is defined by dividing the SI unit of mass, the kilogram, by the SI unit of volume, the cubic metre. [1]
A special type of area density is called column density (also columnar mass density or simply column density), denoted ρ A or σ. It is the mass of substance per unit area integrated along a path; [ 1 ] It is obtained integrating volumetric density ρ {\displaystyle \rho } over a column: [ 2 ] σ = ∫ ρ d s . {\displaystyle \sigma =\int \rho ...