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Gadolinium is a chemical element; it has symbol Gd and atomic number 64. Gadolinium is a silvery-white metal when oxidation is removed. It is a malleable and ductile rare-earth element. Gadolinium reacts with atmospheric oxygen or moisture slowly to form a black coating. Gadolinium below its Curie point of 20 °C (68 °F) is ferromagnetic, with ...
Prices of hydrogen produced by distributed steam methane reforming, as predicted by H2A Production Model from United States Department of Energy, [9] assuming price of natural gas of US$3/MMBtu (US$10/MWh; US$0.10/m 3). Does not include cost of storage and distribution. 1: 2 H (D) Deuterium: 0.0001667 [10] 13 400: 2.23: 2020: CIL [11]
Gadoteric acid, sold under the brand name Dotarem among others, is a macrocycle -structured gadolinium-based MRI contrast agent (GBCA). It consists of the organic acid DOTA as a chelating agent, and gadolinium (Gd 3+), and is used in form of the meglumine salt (gadoterate meglumine). [4][5] The paramagnetic property of gadoteric acid reduces ...
Gadolinium (III) containing MRI contrast agents (often termed simply "gado" or "gad") are the most commonly used for enhancement of vessels in MR angiography or for brain tumor enhancement associated with the degradation of the blood–brain barrier (BBB). [3][4] Over 450 million doses have been administered worldwide from 1988 to 2017. [5]
Isotopes of gadolinium (64Gd) Naturally occurring gadolinium (64 Gd) is composed of 6 stable isotopes, 154 Gd, 155 Gd, 156 Gd, 157 Gd, 158 Gd and 160 Gd, and 1 radioisotope, 152 Gd, with 158 Gd being the most abundant (24.84% natural abundance). The predicted double beta decay of 160 Gd has never been observed; only a lower limit on its half ...
Gadobutrol is a medicinal product used in diagnostic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in adults and children. It provides contrast enhancement during cranial, spinal, breast, or other investigations. In the central nervous system, Gadobutrol works by highlighting any areas with disrupted blood brain barrier (BBB) and/or abnormal vascularity.
Nanoparticles of gadolinium oxide is a potential contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A dextran-coated preparation of 20–40 nm sized gadolinium oxide particles had a relaxivity of 4.8 s −1 mM −1 per gadolinium ion at 7.05 T (an unusually high field compared to the clinically used MRI scanners which mostly range from 0.5 to ...
Gadodiamide is one of the main GBCA associated with nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF), a toxic reaction occurring in some people with kidney problems. [6] No cases have been seen in people with normal kidney function. [7] A 2015 study found gadolinium deposited in the brain tissue of people who had received gadodiamide. [8]