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Biliverdin results from the breakdown of the heme moiety of hemoglobin in erythrocytes. Macrophages break down senescent erythrocytes and break the heme down into biliverdin along with hemosiderin, in which biliverdin normally rapidly reduces to free bilirubin. [1] [3] Biliverdin is seen briefly in some bruises as a green color.
The production of biliverdin from heme is the first major step in the catabolic pathway, after which the enzyme biliverdin reductase performs the second step, producing bilirubin from biliverdin. [5] [6] Ultimately, bilirubin is broken down within the body, and its metabolites excreted through bile and urine; elevated levels may indicate ...
Biliverdin reductase (BVR) is an enzyme (EC 1.3.1.24) found in all tissues under normal conditions, but especially in reticulo-macrophages of the liver and spleen. BVR facilitates the conversion of biliverdin to bilirubin via the reduction of a double bond between the second and third pyrrole ring into a single bond.
Hemoglobin within red blood cells are then degraded to release heme, which will be converted by microsomal heme oxygenase to iron, carbon monoxide and biliverdin, and are immediately reduced to unconjugated bilirubin by biliverdin reductase and released into the plasma. [24]
In human metabolism, bilirubin is a breakdown product of heme. A modified bilane is an intermediate in the biosynthesis and uroporphyrinogen III from porphobilinogen . Examples of bilins are found in animals (cardinal examples are bilirubin and biliverdin ), and phycocyanobilin , the chromophore of the photosynthetic pigment phycocyanin , in ...
The final step in heme metabolism in mammals is catalyzed by the cytosolic biliverdin reductase enzymes A and B (EC 1.3.1.24). [5] From a functional standpoint, it has been hypothesized that BLRVB is identical to flavin reductase (FR), an enzyme that catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of FMN and Methylene Blue and, in the presence of redox couplers, the reduction of methaemoglobin.
109778 Ensembl ENSG00000106605 ENSMUSG00000001999 UniProt P53004 Q9CY64 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_000712 NM_001253823 NM_026678 RefSeq (protein) NP_000703 NP_001240752 NP_080954 Location (UCSC) Chr 7: 43.76 – 43.81 Mb Chr 2: 126.91 – 126.94 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse Biliverdin reductase A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BLVRA gene. Function The protein ...
Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP), also known as obstetric cholestasis, cholestasis of pregnancy, jaundice of pregnancy, and prurigo gravidarum, [1] is a medical condition in which cholestasis occurs during pregnancy. [2] It typically presents with itching and can lead to complications for both mother and fetus. [2]