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A neurological examination is the assessment of sensory neuron and motor responses, especially reflexes, to determine whether the nervous system is impaired. This typically includes a physical examination and a review of the patient's medical history, [1] but not deeper investigation such as neuroimaging.
After a positive result in the finger-to-nose test, a neurologist will do a magnetic resonance image (MRI) to determine any damage to the cerebellum. [5] Cerebellar patients encounter difficulties to adapt to unexpected changes of the inertia of the limbs. [12] This can be used to increase dysmetria and confirm a diagnosis of cerebellar ...
The examiner holds their hand in front of the patient, who is then asked to repeatedly touch their index finger to their nose and the examiner's finger. The distance between the examiner's hand and patient's nose should be larger than the forearm length of the patient, so that the patient need to move both their shoulder joint and elbow joint ...
Nystagmus is tested for. One or two beats is a normal finding. The accommodation reflex is tested by moving the target towards the patient's nose. As the eyes converge, the pupils should constrict. The optokinetic nystagmus test is optional and involves asking the patient to look at a strip of vertical lines moving horizontally across visual ...
Common tests that are used to assess intention tremor are the finger-to-nose and heel-to-shin tests. In a finger-to-nose test, a physician has the individual touch their nose with their finger while monitoring for irregularity in timing and control of the movement. An individual with intention tremors has coarse side-to-side movements that ...
lesion on tip of the nose which can presage ocular herpes zoster Hutchinson's teeth [4] Sir Jonathan Hutchinson: pediatrics: congenital syphilis: small, widely spaced incisors with notched biting surfaces Hutchinson's triad: Sir Jonathan Hutchinson: pediatrics: congenital syphilis: interstitial keratitis, nerve deafness, Hutchinson's teeth ...
Two-point discrimination (2PD) is the ability to discern that two nearby objects touching the skin are truly two distinct points, not one.It is often tested with two sharp points during a neurological examination [1]: 632 [2]: 71 and is assumed to reflect how finely innervated an area of skin is.
inability to coordinate fine motor activities (intention tremor), e.g. "past-pointing" (pointing beyond the finger in the finger-nose test) inability to perform rapid alternating movements (dysdiadochokinesia), e.g. inability to rapidly flip the hands; involuntary horizontal eye movements