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When for example applying k-means with a value of = onto the well-known Iris flower data set, the result often fails to separate the three Iris species contained in the data set. With k = 2 {\displaystyle k=2} , the two visible clusters (one containing two species) will be discovered, whereas with k = 3 {\displaystyle k=3} one of the two ...
The idea of skip-gram is that the vector of a word should be close to the vector of each of its neighbors. The idea of CBOW is that the vector-sum of a word's neighbors should be close to the vector of the word. In the original publication, "closeness" is measured by softmax, but the framework allows other ways to measure closeness.
Equivalently, the spark of a matrix is the size of its smallest circuit (a subset of column indices such that = has a nonzero solution, but every subset of it does not [1]). If all the columns are linearly independent, s p a r k ( A ) {\displaystyle \mathrm {spark} (A)} is usually defined to be m + 1 {\displaystyle m+1} (if A {\displaystyle A ...
A value of a variant type is usually created with a quasi-functional entity called a constructor. Each variant has its own constructor, which takes a specified number of arguments with specified types. The set of all possible values of a sum type is the set-theoretic sum, i.e., the disjoint union, of the sets of all possible values of its variants.
for every sense of the word being disambiguated one should count the number of words that are in both the neighborhood of that word and in the dictionary definition of that sense; the sense that is to be chosen is the sense that has the largest number of this count. A frequently used example illustrating this algorithm is for the context "pine ...
Spark Core is the foundation of the overall project. It provides distributed task dispatching, scheduling, and basic I/O functionalities, exposed through an application programming interface (for Java, Python, Scala, .NET [16] and R) centered on the RDD abstraction (the Java API is available for other JVM languages, but is also usable for some other non-JVM languages that can connect to the ...
Hashing is an example of a space-time tradeoff. If memory is infinite, the entire key can be used directly as an index to locate its value with a single memory access. On the other hand, if infinite time is available, values can be stored without regard for their keys, and a binary search or linear search can be used to retrieve the element.
An entity–attribute–value model (EAV) is a data model optimized for the space-efficient storage of sparse—or ad-hoc—property or data values, intended for situations where runtime usage patterns are arbitrary, subject to user variation, or otherwise unforeseeable using a fixed design. The use-case targets applications which offer a large ...