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The plants often grow together in crowded colonies and spread by runners at or just under the soil surface. In late summer the plants produce tubers that are twice as long as wide, [9] each typically measuring 0.5 to 5 cm (1 ⁄ 4 to 2 in) in diameter. [8] The plant produces rosettes of leaves and an inflorescence on a long rigid scape.
Digging up the roots is also very labour-intensive and not always effective. The roots can extend up to 3 metres (10 feet) deep, and leaving even just a few centimetres (inches) of root behind will result in the plant quickly growing back. Covering the affected patch of ground with a non-translucent material can be an effective follow-up strategy.
French trappers knew the plant as racine amère (bitter root). [8] Native American names include spetlum/sp̓eƛ̓m̓ or spetlem ("hand-peeled"), nakamtcu (Ktanxa: naqam¢u), [9] and mo'ôtáa-heséeo'ôtse (Cheyenne, "black medicine"). [10] The roots were consumed by tribes such as the Shoshone and the Flathead Indians as an
It is sold by native plant nurseries for prairie or native meadow restoration and for gardens and landscapes. It does best with full sun and well-drained soil, with a pH range from 5-7.5. [13] It can die from root rot if the soil stays wet or moist for too long.
This plant has many uses in Native American medicine. The Zuni use an infusion of the root for body aches. The root is also chewed during curing ceremonies for various illnesses, and the crushed root and water used as wash and taken for sore throat. [22] The Rarámuri also use the root as herbal medicine. [20]
Ceanothus americanus is a shrub that lives up to fifteen years and growing between 18 and 42 in (0.5 and 1 m) high, having many thin branches.Its root system is thick with fibrous root hairs close to the surface, but with stout, burlish, woody roots that reach deep into the earth—root systems may grow very large in the wild, to compensate after repeated exposures to wildfires.
Polemonium reptans is a perennial herbaceous plant native to eastern North America. Common names include spreading Jacob's ladder , creeping Jacob's ladder , false Jacob's ladder , abscess root , American Greek valerian , blue bells , stairway to heaven , and sweatroot .
The plant produces fruits in the form of hairy legumes each with one seed inside. The flower and leafing pattern is similar to Amorpha fruticosa , however, A. canescens typically only grows to be 1 meter (3 ft 3 in) high and prefers drier habitats whereas A. fruticosa can grow to be 5 or 6 meters (16 or 20 ft) high and lives in wetter areas.