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Isoprenaline, also known as isoproterenol and sold under the brand name Isuprel among others, is a sympathomimetic medication which is used in the treatment of acute bradycardia (slow heart rate), heart block, and rarely for asthma, among other indications. [9]
The mechanisms of sympathomimetic drugs can be direct-acting (direct interaction between drug and receptor), such as α-adrenergic agonists, β-adrenergic agonists, and dopaminergic agonists; or indirect-acting (interaction not between drug and receptor), such as MAOIs, COMT inhibitors, release stimulants, and reuptake inhibitors that increase the levels of endogenous catecholamines.
Patients who are suffering from chronic inflammatory lung diseases such as asthma or COPD may be treated with medication targeted to induce more smooth muscle relaxation in the lungs and less contraction of the heart, including first-generation drugs like salbutamol (albuterol) and later-generation medications in the same class.
Clorprenaline (INN Tooltip International Nonproprietary Name, USAN Tooltip United States Adopted Name, BAN Tooltip British Approved Name), also known as isoprophenamine and known as clorprenaline hydrochloride (USAN Tooltip United States Adopted Name, JAN Tooltip Japanese Accepted Name) in the case of the hydrochloride salt, is a sympathomimetic and bronchodilator medication which is marketed ...
β 1-Adrenergic receptor agonists, also known as beta-1 agonists, are a class of drugs that bind selectively to the β 1-adrenergic receptor.As a result, they act more selectively upon the heart. β-Adrenoceptors typically bind to norepinephrine release by sympathetic adrenergic nerves and to circulating epinephrine.
Fenoterol has more cardiovascular toxicity than isoprenaline or salbutamol. [6] [7] Fenoterol was widely used in New Zealand in the late 1970s and the 1980s until it was removed from the New Zealand drug tariff in 1989 because its introduction and widespread use was associated with an epidemic of asthma deaths. [8]
Sodium nitroprusside (SNP), sold under the brand name Nitropress among others, is a medication used to lower blood pressure. [3] This may be done if the blood pressure is very high and resulting in symptoms, in certain types of heart failure, and during surgery to decrease bleeding. [3]
Noradrenergic and specific serotonergic antidepressants (NaSSAs) are a class of psychiatric drugs used primarily as antidepressants. [1] They act by antagonizing the α 2 -adrenergic receptor and certain serotonin receptors such as 5-HT 2A and 5-HT 2C , [ 1 ] but also 5-HT 3 , [ 1 ] 5-HT 6 , and/or 5-HT 7 in some cases.