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The ankle-brachial pressure index (ABPI) or ankle-brachial index (ABI) is the ratio of the blood pressure at the ankle to the blood pressure in the upper arm (brachium). Compared to the arm, lower blood pressure in the leg suggests blocked arteries due to peripheral artery disease (PAD).
Ankle-brachial index (ABI) testing to compare blood pressure in your ankle and arm to help detect peripheral artery disease. Electrocardiogram (ECG) to measure the electrical activity of your heart
Elevated levels are also associated with diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease; it was found that elevated levels are associated with elevated serum C-reactive protein (CRP), which could reflect an inflammatory and atherogenic milieu, possibly an alternative cause for elevated serum alkaline phosphatase. [10] Chronic kidney disease ...
High blood cholesterol – Dyslipidemia, which is an abnormally high level of cholesterol or fat in the blood. [36] Dyslipidemia is caused by a high level of a protein called low-density lipoprotein (LDL cholesterol ), low levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL cholesterol), elevation of total cholesterol, and/or high triglyceride levels.
Metabolic alkalosis is an acid-base disorder in which the pH of tissue is elevated beyond the normal range (7.35–7.45). This is the result of decreased hydrogen ion concentration, leading to increased bicarbonate (HCO − 3), or alternatively a direct result of increased bicarbonate concentrations.
Acid–base and blood gases are among the few blood constituents that exhibit substantial difference between arterial and venous values. [6] Still, pH, bicarbonate and base excess show a high level of inter-method reliability between arterial and venous tests, so arterial and venous values are roughly equivalent for these. [44]
When blood pressure is measured only in a clinic setting, an incorrect diagnosis of hypertension may be made whereas the person actually has white coat hypertension. In general, individuals with white coat hypertension have lower morbidity than patients with sustained hypertension, but higher morbidity than the clinically normotensive.
More than 800 people have lost their lives in jail since July 13, 2015 but few details are publicly released. Huffington Post is compiling a database of every person who died until July 13, 2016 to shed light on how they passed.