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R-1234yf is also a component of zeotropic refrigerant blend R-454B. HFO-1234yf has a GWP less than carbon dioxide, [4] [2] itself 1,430 times less potent than R-134a. [5] For this reason, 2,3,3,3‑tetrafluoropropene is the pre-eminent replacement for R-134a in vehicular air conditioners. As of 2022, 90% of new U.S. vehicles are estimated to ...
1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane (also known as norflurane (), R-134a, Klea 134a, Freon 134a, Forane 134a, Genetron 134a, Green Gas, Florasol 134a, Suva 134a, HFA-134a, or HFC-134a) is a hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) and haloalkane refrigerant with thermodynamic properties similar to R-12 (dichlorodifluoromethane) but with insignificant ozone depletion potential and a lower 100-year global warming ...
The use of R-134a is being phased out because of its high global warming potential (GWP). HFO-1234ze(E) itself has zero ozone-depletion potential (ODP=0), a very low global warming potential (GWP < 1 ), even lower than CO 2 , and it is classified by ANSI/ASHRAE [ 4 ] as class A2L refrigerant (lower flammability (see below) and lower toxicity).
The refrigerant was developed by the DuPont/Honeywell company and is more expensive per pound than R-134a. R-1234yf can be found in late-model cars and is not cross-compatible with older R-134a or R-12 systems. Of the three refrigerants, R-1234yf is the best for the environment with the lowest global warming potential number which is about a three.
From early 2020 HFCs (including R-404A, R-134a and R-410A) are being superseded: Residential air-conditioning systems and heat pumps are increasingly using R-32. This still has a GWP of more than 600. Progressive devices use refrigerants with almost no climate impact, namely R-290 (propane), R-600a (isobutane) or R-1234yf (less flammable, in cars).
Mineral oil used with R-12 is not compatible with R-134a. Some oils designed for conversion to R-134a are advertised as compatible with residual R-12 mineral oil. Illegal replacements for R-12 include highly flammable hydrocarbon blends such as HC-12a , the flammability of which has caused injuries and deaths.
It is a zeotropic blend of difluoromethane (R-32), pentafluoroethane (R-125), and 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a). Difluoromethane serves to provide the heat capacity, pentafluoroethane decreases flammability, tetrafluoroethane reduces pressure. [1] R-407C cylinders are colored burnt orange.
Duplex steels also have higher strength. For example, a Type 304 stainless steel has a 0.2% proof strength in the region of 280 MPa (41 ksi), a 22%Cr duplex stainless steel a minimum 0.2% proof strength of some 450 MPa (65 ksi) and a superduplex grade a minimum of 550 MPa (80 ksi). [6]
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