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where is the void ratio, is the porosity, V V is the volume of void-space (gases and liquids), V S is the volume of solids, and V T is the total (or bulk) volume. This figure is relevant in composites , in mining (particular with regard to the properties of tailings ), and in soil science .
The density of quartz is around 2.65 g/cm 3 but the (dry) bulk density of a mineral soil is normally about half that density, between 1.0 and 1.6 g/cm 3. In contrast, soils rich in soil organic carbon and some friable clays tend to have lower bulk densities ( <1.0 g/cm 3 ) due to a combination of the low-density of the organic materials ...
Polymer Foam Beads can have a bulk density as low as 0.011 g/cc and range in size from 45 microns to over 8 mm. Common drawbacks to using Polymer Foam Beads in formulated systems include static, temperature, and chemical resistance limitations and difficulty achieving a homogenous blend within a formulated system due to their extremely low bulk ...
Specific surface area (SSA) is a property of solids defined as the total surface area (SA) of a material per unit mass, [1] (with units of m 2 /kg or m 2 /g). Alternatively, it may be defined as SA per solid or bulk volume [ 2 ] [ 3 ] (units of m 2 /m 3 or m −1 ).
where is the volume fraction of the fibers in the composite (and is the volume fraction of the matrix).. If it is assumed that the composite material behaves as a linear-elastic material, i.e., abiding Hooke's law = for some elastic modulus of the composite and some strain of the composite , then equations 1 and 2 can be combined to give
Aggregation involves particulate adhesion and higher resistance to compaction. Typical bulk density of sandy soil is between 1.5 and 1.7 g/cm 3. This calculates to a porosity between 0.43 and 0.36. Typical bulk density of clay soil is between 1.1 and 1.3 g/cm 3. This calculates to a porosity between 0.58 and 0.51.
where: is the "maximum void ratio" corresponding to a very loose state, is the "minimum void ratio" corresponding to a very dense state and is the in situ void ratio. Methods used to calculate relative density are defined in ASTM D4254-00(2006).
Poisson's ratio of a material defines the ratio of transverse strain (x direction) to the axial strain (y direction)In materials science and solid mechanics, Poisson's ratio (symbol: ν ()) is a measure of the Poisson effect, the deformation (expansion or contraction) of a material in directions perpendicular to the specific direction of loading.