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Discussion of vocal fry is much more frequent in books related to phonetics and speech therapy than it is in those dealing with singing. Some authorities consider the use of vocal fry in speech a dysphonia, but others consider it so only if it is used excessively [1] such as Hollien, Moore, Wendahl, and Michel:
Voice therapy consists of techniques and procedures that target vocal parameters, such as vocal fold closure, pitch, volume, and quality. This therapy is provided by speech-language pathologists and is primarily used to aid in the management of voice disorders, [1] or for altering the overall quality of voice, as in the case of transgender voice therapy.
The earliest work on pronunciation assessment avoided measuring genuine listener intelligibility, [10] a shortcoming corrected in 2011 at the Toyohashi University of Technology, [11] and included in the Versant high-stakes English fluency assessment from Pearson [12] and mobile apps from 17zuoye Education & Technology, [13] but still missing in 2023 products from Google Search, [14] Microsoft ...
One diagnosis technique is a rating scale, such as the Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination. The exam is a subjective rating system of volume (from loud to normal to soft), voice (from normal to whisper to hoarse), speech rate (from fast to normal to slow) and intonation which is rated on a scale from 1–7.
With improvements, children with apraxia may be transitioned into group therapy settings. Therapeutic exercises must focus on planning, sequencing, and coordinating the muscle movements involved in speech production. Children with developmental verbal dyspraxia must practice the strategies and techniques that they learn to improve.
Voice disorders can be divided into two broad categories: organic and functional. [9] The distinction between these broad classes stems from their cause, whereby organic dysphonia results from some sort of physiological change in one of the subsystems of speech (for voice, usually respiration, laryngeal anatomy, and/or other parts of the vocal tract are affected).
[6] [7] Children as young as the age of four have demonstrated the ability to adapt speech motor patterns to perceived changes in vowel auditory feedback, which enables them to maintain the accuracy of their speech output. [8] However, children's speech motor adaption abilities are not fully optimised due to their limited auditory perceptual ...
A child speech corpus is a speech corpus documenting first-language language acquisition. Such databases are used in the development of computer-assisted language learning systems and the characterization of children's speech at difference ages. [1] Children's speech varies not only by language, but also by region within a language.