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Communism has been a part of French politics since the early 20th century at the latest. It has been described as "an enduring presence on the French political scene" for most of the 20th century. [1] In 1920, the French Section of the Communist International was founded. [2]
The French Communist Party and the Algerian War (1991) Kemp, Tom. Stalinism in France: The first twenty years of the French Communist Party. (London: New Park, 1984) Raymond, Gino G. The French Communist Party during the Fifth Republic: A Crisis of Leadership and Ideology (Palgrave Macmillan, 2005) Sacker, Richard. A Radiant Future.
The authors of The Black Book of Communism have also estimated that 9.3 million people were killed under communist rule in other states: 2 million in North Korea, 2 million in Cambodia, 1.7 million in Africa, 1.5 million in Afghanistan, 1 million in Vietnam, 1 million in Eastern Europe and 150,000 in Latin America.
Stalinism in France: The first twenty years of the French Communist Party. London: New Park, 1984. Raymond, Gino G. The French Communist Party during the Fifth Republic: A Crisis of Leadership and Ideology. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005. Sacker, Richard. A Radiant Future. The French Communist Party and Eastern Europe, 1944–1956. Peter ...
The history of communism encompasses a wide variety of ideologies and political movements sharing the core principles of common ownership of wealth, economic enterprise, and property. [1] Most modern forms of communism are grounded at least nominally in Marxism, a theory and method conceived by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels during the 19th ...
[1] [2] Another central argument leveled against socialist systems based on economic planning is based on the use of dispersed knowledge. Socialism is unfeasible in this view because information cannot be aggregated by a central body and effectively used to formulate a plan for an entire economy, because doing so would result in distorted or ...
The phrase stems from Friedrich Engels, [1] who wrote in part 3, chapter 2 of Anti-Dühring (1878): The interference of the state power in social relations becomes superfluous in one sphere after another, and then ceases of itself. The government of persons is replaced by the administration of things and the direction of the processes of ...
The God That Failed is a 1949 collection of six essays by Louis Fischer, André Gide, Arthur Koestler, Ignazio Silone, Stephen Spender, and Richard Wright. [1] The common theme of the essays is the authors' disillusionment with and abandonment of communism .