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  2. RNA virus - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNA_virus

    Double-stranded RNA viruses (Group III) contain from one to a dozen different RNA molecules, each coding for one or more viral proteins. Positive-sense ssRNA viruses (Group IV) have their genome directly utilized as mRNA, with host ribosomes translating it into a single protein that is modified by host and viral proteins to form the various ...

  3. Riboviria - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riboviria

    Viral mRNA is translated by the host cell's ribosomes to produce viral proteins. In order to produce more viruses, viral RNA-dependent polymerases use copies of the viral genome as templates to replicate the viral genome. For +ssRNA viruses, an intermediate dsRNA genome is created from which +ssRNA is synthesized from the negative strand. [3]

  4. Orthornavirae - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthornavirae

    Genome type and replication cycle of different RNA viruses. RNA viruses in Orthornavirae typically do not encode many proteins, but most positive-sense, single-stranded (+ssRNA) viruses and some double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) viruses encode a major capsid protein that has a single jelly roll fold, so named because the folded structure of the protein contains a structure that resembles a jelly ...

  5. Introduction to viruses - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Introduction_to_viruses

    Some nucleic acids of RNA viruses function directly as mRNA without further modification. For this reason, these viruses are called positive-sense RNA viruses. [35] In other RNA viruses, the RNA is a complementary copy of mRNA and these viruses rely on the cell's or their own enzyme to make mRNA. These are called negative-sense RNA viruses. In ...

  6. Viral replication - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viral_replication

    It is the first step of viral replication. Some viruses attach to the cell membrane of the host cell and inject its DNA or RNA into the host to initiate infection. Attachment to a host cell is often achieved by a virus attachment protein that extends from the protein shell (), of a virus.

  7. A Norovirus Vaccine Is in the Works - AOL

    www.aol.com/lifestyle/norovirus-vaccine-works...

    Targeting more than one viral protein has shown in the recent past to be effective: one of the mRNA COVID-19 shots was a bivalent vaccine that worked against two different strains of the virus.

  8. As bird flu becomes a growing threat, Moderna is awarded ...

    www.aol.com/finance/bird-flu-becomes-growing...

    For the mRNA vaccines, we don’t have the protein.” Because mRNA vaccines instruct your body to make proteins that trigger immune responses rather than rely on weakened or inactivated viruses ...

  9. Double-stranded RNA viruses - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double-stranded_RNA_viruses

    Double-stranded RNA viruses (dsRNA viruses) are a polyphyletic group of viruses that have double-stranded genomes made of ribonucleic acid.The double-stranded genome is used as a template by the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) to transcribe a positive-strand RNA functioning as messenger RNA (mRNA) for the host cell's ribosomes, which translate it into viral proteins.

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