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The motion is simple harmonic motion where θ 0 is the amplitude of the oscillation (that is, the maximum angle between the rod of the pendulum and the vertical). The corresponding approximate period of the motion is then
Other phenomena can be modeled by simple harmonic motion, including the motion of a simple pendulum, although for it to be an accurate model, the net force on the object at the end of the pendulum must be proportional to the displacement (and even so, it is only a good approximation when the angle of the swing is small; see small-angle ...
A simple pendulum exhibits approximately simple harmonic motion under the conditions of no damping and small amplitude. Assuming no damping, the differential equation governing a simple pendulum of length l {\displaystyle l} , where g {\displaystyle g} is the local acceleration of gravity , is d 2 θ d t 2 + g l sin θ = 0. {\displaystyle ...
These equations represent the simple harmonic motion of the pendulum with an added coupling factor of the spring. [1] This behavior is also seen in certain molecules (such as CO 2 and H 2 O), wherein two of the atoms will vibrate around a central one in a similar manner. [1]
"Simple gravity pendulum" model assumes no friction or air resistance. A pendulum is a device made of a weight suspended from a pivot so that it can swing freely. [1] When a pendulum is displaced sideways from its resting, equilibrium position, it is subject to a restoring force due to gravity that will accelerate it back toward the equilibrium position.
Phase portrait of van der Pol's equation, + + =. Simple pendulum, see picture (right). Simple harmonic oscillator where the phase portrait is made up of ellipses centred at the origin, which is a fixed point. Damped harmonic motion, see animation (right).
Simple pendulum. Since the rod is rigid, the position of the bob is constrained according to the equation f (x, y) = 0, the constraint force C is the tension in the rod. Again the non-constraint force N in this case is gravity. Dynamic model of a simple pendulum.
The systems where the restoring force on a body is directly proportional to its displacement, such as the dynamics of the spring-mass system, are described mathematically by the simple harmonic oscillator and the regular periodic motion is known as simple harmonic motion.