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Pyridinium chloride can be produced by passing hydrogen chloride in pyridine dissolved in diethyl ether. The chemical formula is as follows: C 5 H 5 N + HCl C 5 H 6 N + Cl − ↓ {\displaystyle {\ce {C5H5N + HCl -> C5H6N+Cl- v}}}
They are prepared by treating pyridine with acids. [3] As pyridine is often used as an organic base in chemical reactions, pyridinium salts are produced in many acid-base reactions. Its salts are often insoluble in the organic solvent, so precipitation of the pyridinium leaving group complex is an indication of the progress of the reaction.
The reaction of pyridine with bromomethyl ketones gives the related pyridinium salt, wherein the methylene group is highly acidic. This species undergoes a Michael-like addition to α,β-unsaturated carbonyls in the presence of ammonium acetate to undergo ring closure and formation of the targeted substituted pyridine as well as pyridinium bromide.
C 5 H 5 N + HCl + CrO 3 → [C 5 H 5 NH][CrO 3 Cl] In one alternative method, formation of toxic chromyl chloride (CrO 2 Cl 2) fumes during the making of the aforementioned solution were minimized by simply changing the order of addition: a cold solution of pyridine in concentrated hydrochloric acid was added to solid chromium trioxide under ...
2-Chloropyridine is produced by direct reaction of pyridine with chlorine. The initially formed 2-chloropyridine reacts further to give 2,6-dichloropyridine. [2] Alternatively, 2-chloropyridines can be conveniently synthesized in high yields from pyridine-N-oxides. [3]
Cr(VI)-pyridine and pyridinium reagents have the advantage that they are soluble in organic solvents as are the alcohol substrates. One family of reagents employs the complex CrO 3 (pyridine) 2. [2] Sarett's reagent: a solution of CrO 3 (pyridine) 2 in pyridine. It was popularized for selective oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols to ...
Darzens halogenation is the chemical synthesis of alkyl halides from alcohols via the treatment upon reflux of a large excess of thionyl chloride or thionyl bromide (SOX 2) in the presence of a small amount of a nitrogen base, such as a tertiary amine or pyridine or its corresponding hydrochloride or hydrobromide salt.
Pyridine-N-oxide is the heterocyclic compound with the formula C 5 H 5 NO. This colourless, hygroscopic solid is the product of the oxidation of pyridine. It was originally prepared using peroxyacids as the oxidising agent. The compound is used infrequently as an oxidizing reagent in organic synthesis. [1]