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In organic chemistry, a propyl group is a three-carbon alkyl substituent with chemical formula −CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 for the linear form. This substituent form is obtained by removing one hydrogen atom attached to the terminal carbon of propane . [ 1 ]
The numbers are included in the name to avoid ambiguity about the position of the groups, and "tri" indicates that there are three identical methyl groups. If one of the methyl groups attached to the third carbon atom were instead an ethyl group, then the name would be 3-ethyl-2,3-dimethylpentane.
In other less formal contexts, an alcohol is often called with the name of the corresponding alkyl group followed by the word "alcohol", e.g., methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol. Propyl alcohol may be n-propyl alcohol or isopropyl alcohol, depending on whether the hydroxyl group is bonded to the end or middle carbon on the straight propane chain. As ...
It is a very stable group in most molecules. While the methyl group is usually part of a larger molecule, bonded to the rest of the molecule by a single covalent bond (−CH 3), it can be found on its own in any of three forms: methanide anion (CH − 3), methylium cation (CH + 3) or methyl radical (CH • 3).
Bond Type of bond Specific type of bond Absorption peak (cm −1) Appearance C─H alkyl methyl 1260 strong 1380 weak 2870 medium to strong 2960 medium to strong methylene: 1470 strong 2850 medium to strong 2925 medium to strong methine: 2890 weak vinyl: C═CH 2: 900 strong 2975 medium 3080 medium C═CH 3020 medium monosubstituted alkenes ...
In general, the larger a substituent's A-value, the larger the steric effect of that substituent. A methyl group has an A-value of 1.74 while tert-butyl group has an A-value of ~5. Because the A-value of tert-butyl is higher, tert-butyl has a larger steric effect than methyl. This difference in steric effects can be used to help predict ...
In organic chemistry, an ethyl group (abbr. Et) is an alkyl substituent with the formula −CH 2 CH 3, derived from ethane (C 2 H 6). Ethyl is used in the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry 's nomenclature of organic chemistry for a saturated two-carbon moiety in a molecule, while the prefix " eth- " is used to indicate the ...
For example, butanol H 3 C−(CH 2) 3 −OH, methyl propyl ether H 3 C−(CH 2) 2 −O−CH 3, and diethyl ether (H 3 CCH 2 −) 2 O have the same molecular formula C 4 H 10 O but are three distinct structural isomers. The concept applies also to polyatomic ions with the same total charge. A classical example is the cyanate ion O=C=N − and ...