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Hypersalivation can contribute to drooling if there is an inability to keep the mouth closed or difficulty in swallowing (dysphagia) the excess saliva, which can lead to excessive spitting. Hypersalivation also often precedes emesis (vomiting), where it accompanies nausea (a feeling of needing to vomit).
Excess capsaicin can cause drooling as well, an example being the ingestion of particularly high Scoville Unit chili peppers. Some neurological problems cause drooling. Medication can cause drooling, either due to primary action or side-effects; for example the pain-relief medication Orajel can numb the mucosa. [citation needed] Causes include:
Behavioral treatment of bedwetting overall tends to show increased self-esteem for children. [58] [59] Parents become concerned much earlier than doctors. A study in 1980 asked parents and physicians the age that children should stay dry at night. The average parent response was 2.75 years old, while the average physician response was 5.13 ...
Drooling is often treated with botulinum toxin A, benztropine or anticholinergics (e.g. glycopyrrolate). A review on the treatment of sialorrhea in children with cerebral palsy found that it was not possible to tell whether these interventions worked or were safe. [66] Anticholinergics may contribute to constipation. [67]
Contamination with - or excessive exposure to - certain chemicals including: nerve agents, (e.g., sarin, VX, Novichok agents). organophosphorus insecticides (e.g., parathion, aldicarb) nicotine poisoning can be thought of as a subset of cholinergic crisis, as it also involves excessive parasympathetic stimulation. [5]
Treatment of excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) relies on identifying and treating the underlying disorder which may cure the person from the EDS. Drugs like modafinil , [ 22 ] armodafinil , [ 23 ] pitolisant [ 24 ] (Wakix), sodium oxybate (Xyrem) oral solution, have been approved as treatment for EDS symptoms in the United States.
When specific treatments of the known condition do not fully suppress excessive daytime sleepiness, additional causes of hypersomnia should be sought. [14] For example, if a patient with sleep apnea is treated with CPAP ( continuous positive airway pressure ), which resolves their apneas but not their excessive daytime sleepiness, it is ...
Common behavioral treatments for childhood narcolepsy include improved sleep hygiene, scheduled naps, and physical exercise. [68] Many medications are used in treating adults and may be used to treat children. These medications include central nervous system stimulants such as methylphenidate, modafinil, amphetamine, and dextroamphetamine. [69]