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An "approach plate" depicting an instrument approach procedure for an ILS approach to Tacoma Narrows Airport in the United StatesIn aviation, an instrument approach or instrument approach procedure (IAP) is a series of predetermined maneuvers for the orderly transfer of an aircraft operating under instrument flight rules from the beginning of the initial approach to a landing, or to a point ...
An aircraft approach category is a grouping which differentiates aircraft based on the speed at which the aircraft approaches a runway for landing. They are used to determine airspace, obstacle clearance and visibility requirements for instrument approaches . [ 1 ] :
An LDA approach also is designed with a normal course width, which is typically 3 to 6 degrees. (At each "edge-of-course", commonly 1.5 or 3 degrees left and right of course, the transmitted signal is created in such a way as to ensure full-scale CDI needle deflection at and beyond these edges, so the pilot will never falsely believe they are ...
An approach plate for the ILS or LOC approach to runway 14L at Cologne Bonn Airport, Germany. Approach plates (or, more formally, instrument approach procedure charts) are the printed or digital charts of instrument approach procedures that pilots use to fly instrument approaches during instrument flight rules (IFR) operations.
An aeronautical chart is a map designed to assist in the navigation of aircraft, much as nautical charts do for watercraft, or a roadmap does for drivers. Using these charts and other tools, pilots are able to determine their position, safe altitude, best route to a destination, navigation aids along the way, alternative landing areas in case of an in-flight emergency, and other useful ...
ILS planes. An instrument landing system operates as a ground-based instrument approach system that provides precision lateral and vertical guidance to an aircraft approaching and landing on a runway, using a combination of radio signals and, in many cases, high-intensity lighting arrays to enable a safe landing during instrument meteorological conditions (IMC), such as low ceilings or reduced ...
All the pilot has to do is follow the same ATC protocols required for a conventional ILS approach. Any aircraft conducting a PAR-type approach can be viewed on the TLS PAR format console displaying azimuth and elevation. Up to four different aircraft may be viewed independently on four separate consoles to assist PAR controllers with talk-down ...
The Initial Approach Fix (IAF) is the point where the initial approach segment of an instrument approach begins. An instrument approach procedure may have more than one Initial approach fix and initial approach segment. The initial approach fix is usually a designated intersection, VHF omnidirectional range (VOR), non-directional beacon (NDB ...