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Cooperative learning is an educational approach which aims to organize classroom activities into academic and social learning experiences. [1] There is much more to cooperative learning than merely arranging students into groups, and it has been described as "structuring positive interdependence."
Positive interdependence is an element of cooperative and collaborative learning where members of a group who share common goals perceive that working together is individually and collectively beneficial, and success depends on the participation of all the members. [1] [2]
The final presentations provide all group members with an understanding of their own material, as well as the findings that have emerged from topic-specific group discussion. The jigsaw technique is a cooperative learning method that brings about both individual accountability and achievement of the team goals. [5]
Collaborative learning is a situation in which two or more people learn or attempt to learn something together. [1] Unlike individual learning, people engaged in collaborative learning capitalize on one another's resources and skills (asking one another for information, evaluating one another's ideas, monitoring one another's work, etc.).
Reverse Jigsaw is a cooperative learning technique used in classroom settings. Students are broken up into groups and given a task or topic to discuss, which is afterwards presented to the class by a chosen member of each group.
Computer-supported collaborative learning (CSCL) is a pedagogical approach wherein learning takes place via social interaction using a computer or through the Internet. This kind of learning is characterized by the sharing and construction of knowledge among participants using technology as their primary means of communication or as a common resource. [1]
Student teams-achievement divisions (STAD) is a Cooperative learning strategy in which small groups of learners with different levels of ability work together to accomplish a shared learning goal. [1] It was devised by Robert Slavin and his associates at Johns Hopkins University.
The final key of collaborative learning is group processing. This refers to the members reflecting on how they are as a group reaching the collaborative learning task, and how as individuals they are learning. Reflection on the workings of the group, what worked and what improvements could be made is also a part of the group processing. [18] [11]