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This is a list of plant species that, when consumed by humans, are known or suspected to produce psychoactive effects: changes in nervous system function that alter perception, mood, consciousness, cognition or behavior. Many of these plants are used intentionally as psychoactive drugs, for
Entheogenic drugs and the archaeological record; Hallucinogenic fish; List of plants used for smoking; List of psychoactive substances and precursor chemicals derived from genetically modified organisms; List of psychoactive substances derived from artificial fungi biotransformation; List of substances used in rituals; Medicinal fungi
[citation needed] In addition, coca use in shamanic rituals is well documented wherever local native populations have cultivated the plant. For example, the Tairona people of Colombia's Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta use to chew the plant before engaging in extended meditation and prayer. [55] Cocoa: Theobroma cacao: Bean: Theobromine, small ...
Some popular examples of psychoactive plants include Coffea arabica , Camellia sinensis , Nicotiana tabacum , and Cannabis (including hashish). Psychoactive plants have been used ritually ( e.g. , peyote as an entheogen ), medicinally ( e.g. , opium as an analgesic ), and therapeutically ( e.g. , cannabis as a drug ) for thousands of years. [ 2 ]
Other plants with ritual significance in North American shamanism are the hallucinogenic seeds of the Texas buckeye and jimsonweed (Datura stramonium). Paleoethnobotanical evidence for these plants from archaeological sites shows they were used in ancient times thousands of years ago. [23]
Photo Illustration by Thomas Levinson/The Daily Beast/Getty; Biwer et al.Throughout the Andes, stretching skyward from dry tropical rainforests, is an inconspicuous tree that can turn your mind ...
[78] [79] Serotonin 5-HT 2A receptor blockade with drugs like the semi-selective ketanserin and the non-selective risperidone can abolish the hallucinogenic effects of psychedelics in humans. [ 78 ] [ 79 ] However, studies with more selective serotonin 5-HT 2A receptor antagonists, like pimavanserin , are still needed.
The term oneirogen commonly describes a wide array of psychoactive plants and chemicals ranging from normal dream enhancers to intense dissociative or deliriant drugs. Effects experienced with the use of oneirogens may include microsleep , hypnagogia , fugue states , rapid eye movement sleep (REM), hypnic jerks , lucid dreams , and out-of-body ...