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PyTorch Tensors are similar to NumPy Arrays, but can also be operated on a CUDA-capable NVIDIA GPU. PyTorch has also been developing support for other GPU platforms, for example, AMD's ROCm [27] and Apple's Metal Framework. [28] PyTorch supports various sub-types of Tensors. [29]
Keras is an open-source library that provides a Python interface for artificial neural networks. Keras was first independent software, then integrated into the TensorFlow library, and later supporting more. "Keras 3 is a full rewrite of Keras [and can be used] as a low-level cross-framework language to develop custom components such as layers ...
In machine learning, the term tensor informally refers to two different concepts (i) a way of organizing data and (ii) a multilinear (tensor) transformation. Data may be organized in a multidimensional array (M-way array), informally referred to as a "data tensor"; however, in the strict mathematical sense, a tensor is a multilinear mapping over a set of domain vector spaces to a range vector ...
Numpy is one of the most popular Python data libraries, and TensorFlow offers integration and compatibility with its data structures. [66] Numpy NDarrays, the library's native datatype, are automatically converted to TensorFlow Tensors in TF operations; the same is also true vice versa. [ 66 ]
NumPy (pronounced / ˈ n ʌ m p aɪ / NUM-py) is a library for the Python programming language, adding support for large, multi-dimensional arrays and matrices, along with a large collection of high-level mathematical functions to operate on these arrays. [3]
CuPy is an open source library for GPU-accelerated computing with Python programming language, providing support for multi-dimensional arrays, sparse matrices, and a variety of numerical algorithms implemented on top of them. [3] CuPy shares the same API set as NumPy and SciPy, allowing it to be a drop-in replacement to run NumPy/SciPy code on GPU.
More generally, given two tensors (multidimensional arrays of numbers), their outer product is a tensor. The outer product of tensors is also referred to as their tensor product, and can be used to define the tensor algebra. The outer product contrasts with:
A (0,0) tensor is a number in the field . A (1,0) tensor is a vector. A (0,1) tensor is a covector. A (0,2) tensor is a bilinear form. An example is the metric tensor . A (1,1) tensor is a linear map.