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Cologne (/ k ə ˈ l oʊ n / ⓘ kə-LOHN; German: Köln ⓘ; Kölsch: Kölle ⓘ) is the largest city of the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia and the fourth-most populous city of Germany with nearly 1.1 million inhabitants in the city proper and over 3.1 million people in the Cologne Bonn urban region.
Johann Maria Farina 1685–1766 Letter for one of the orders of Farina's new fragrance, 1716. Giovanni Maria Farina (born 8 December 1685, Santa Maria Maggiore; Germanized name: Johann Maria Farina, Francized: Jean Marie Farina – 25 November 1766, Cologne) was an Italian-born perfumier in Germany who created the first Eau de Cologne.
Free Imperial City: Cologne coat of arms. The history of Cologne covers over 2000 years of urban history. In the year 50, Cologne was elevated to a city under Roman law and named "Colonia Claudia Ara Agrippinensium"; since the Frankish rule it is known by derivatives of simply Colonia, including German Cöln (later Köln) and French (borrowed into English) Cologne.
The original Eau de Cologne is a spirit-citrus perfume launched in Cologne in 1709 by Giovanni Maria Farina (1685–1766), an Italian perfume maker from Santa Maria Maggiore, Valle Vigezzo. In 1708, Farina wrote to his brother Jean Baptiste: "I have found a fragrance that reminds me of an Italian spring morning, of mountain daffodils and orange ...
Emmental after Emmental, the name of a valley in Switzerland where it was originally made; Double Gloucester cheese after Gloucester cattle, originally from Gloucester in England; Gorgonzola after Gorgonzola, a village in northern Italy; Gouda after the city Gouda in the Netherlands where originally made
Glockengasse 4 in Cologne, the headquarters of 4711 Third address book of Cologne, 1797, page 179. On 3 October 1794, in view of the French troops standing just outside Cologne, the city council approved a plan proposed by the guard-committee to number all houses in the city without exception and to install what would be considered appropriate lighting for each location.
Roman Cologne, chief city of the Ripuarian Franks. The Rhineland or Ripuarian Franks were the Franks who established themselves in and around the formally Roman city of Cologne, on the Rhine river in what is now Germany. They are also often referred to using the Latin plurals Ribuarii, or Ripuarii. (A single Ripuarian would be a Ripuarius.)
The settlement can be dated by archeological finds to the first half of the 1st century AD. By this time the typical Roman grid-style street plan was already in use. The settlement's assumed name is probably Oppidum Ubiorum (Settlement of the Ubii). The Roman epoch of the history of the city of Cologne begins with this oppidum.