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  2. Knowledge of results - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knowledge_of_results

    Knowledge of results is a term in the psychology of learning. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] : 619 A psychology dictionary defines it as feedback of information: "(a) to a subject about the correctness of [their] responses; (b) a student about success or failure in mastering material, or (c) a client in psychotherapy about progress".

  3. Feedback - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feedback

    A feedback loop where all outputs of a process are available as causal inputs to that process. Feedback occurs when outputs of a system are routed back as inputs as part of a chain of cause and effect that forms a circuit or loop. [1] The system can then be said to feed back into itself. The notion of cause-and-effect has to be handled ...

  4. Information flow diagram - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_flow_diagram

    Examples of media include word of mouth, radio, email, etc. The concept of IFD was initially used in radio transmission. [2] The diagrammed system may also include feedback, a reply or response to the signal that was given out. The return paths can be two-way or bi-directional: information can flow back and forth. [2]

  5. Closed-loop controller - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Closed-loop_controller

    A closed-loop controller uses feedback to control states or outputs of a dynamical system. Its name comes from the information path in the system: process inputs (e.g., voltage applied to an electric motor) have an effect on the process outputs (e.g., speed or torque of the motor), which is measured with sensors and processed by the controller ...

  6. Control theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Control_theory

    Example of a single industrial control loop; showing continuously modulated control of process flow. A closed-loop controller or feedback controller is a control loop which incorporates feedback, in contrast to an open-loop controller or non-feedback controller. A closed-loop controller uses feedback to control states or outputs of a dynamical ...

  7. System archetype - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/System_archetype

    An example of the balancing feedback process is staying upright on bicycle (when riding). [1] Delays in systems cause people to perceive a response to an action incorrectly. This causes an under- or overestimation of the needed action and results in oscillation, instability or even breakdown. [1]

  8. Feed forward (control) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feed_forward_(control)

    In systems theory, an open system is a feed forward system that does not have any feedback loop to control its output. In contrast, a closed system uses on a feedback loop to control the operation of the system. In an open system, the output of the system is not fed back into the input to the system for control or operation.

  9. Data-flow diagram - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data-flow_diagram

    Data flow diagram with data storage, data flows, function and interface. A data-flow diagram is a way of representing a flow of data through a process or a system (usually an information system). The DFD also provides information about the outputs and inputs of each entity and the process itself.