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The Mediterranean campaign of 1798 was a series of major naval operations surrounding a French expeditionary force sent to Egypt under Napoleon Bonaparte during the French Revolutionary Wars. The French Republic sought to capture Egypt as the first stage in an effort to threaten British India and support Tipu Sultan , and thus force Great ...
A subsequent and more comprehensive text was Description de l'Égypte, published on Napoleon's orders between 1809 and 1821. Publications such as these of Napoleon's discoveries in Egypt gave rise to fascination with Ancient Egyptian culture and the birth of Egyptology in Europe. The scientists also tested methods in hot air ballooning while in ...
Pierre Jacotin (1765–1827) was the director of the survey for the Carte de l'Égypte (Description de l'Égypte), the first triangulation-based map of Egypt, Syria and Palestine. The maps were surveyed in 1799–1800 during the campaign in Egypt and Palestine of Napoleon. After his return from Egypt, Jacotin worked on preparing the plates for ...
The French army's situation was critical – the British were threatening French control of Egypt after their victory at the Battle of the Nile, Murad Bey and his army were still in the field in Upper Egypt, and the generals Menou and Dugua were only just able to maintain control of Lower Egypt. The Egyptian peasants had common cause with those ...
At this time, Egypt was a province of the Ottoman Empire, but Napoleon viewed invading Egypt as a way to threaten British dominance in the Mediterranean Sea and in India, as well as to gain prestige for revolutionary arms. Napoleon raised a large army, including scientists and cultural experts, and sailed from Toulon on 19 May.
The Capture of Alexandria was the first operation on Egyptian soil during the French campaign in Egypt and Syria. On 2 July 1798, the French army landed and took the city of Alexandria from the hands of the Janissaries .
The Battle of the Pyramids, also known as the Battle of Embabeh, was a major engagement fought on 21 July 1798, during the French Invasion of Egypt. The battle took place near the village of Embabeh, across the Nile River from Cairo, but was named by Napoleon after the Great Pyramid of Giza visible nearly nine miles away.
This is a list of sieges, land and naval battles of the War of the Second Coalition (1798/9 – 1801/2, depending on periodisation). It includes the battles of: the French campaign in Egypt and Syria (July 1799 – September 1801); [1] the Naples campaign in central and southern Italy (November 1798 – January 1799); [2]