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Heating a suspension of vanadium pentoxide and phosphoric acid gives VOPO 4 •2H 2 O, isolated as a bright yellow solid. [4] According to X-ray crystallography, the V(V) centers are octahedral, with long, weak bonds to aquo ligands.
Vanadium phosphates have been investigated as potential cathodes for Li-ion batteries: including lithium vanadium phosphate, Li 3 V 2 (PO 4) 3; [1] [2] the same material prepared by sol gel methods showed lithium insertion/removal over a 3.5 to 4.1 V range, with evidence of three stages of insertion/removal.
1960s: Much of the basic research that led to the development of the intercalation compounds that form the core of lithium-ion batteries was carried out in the 1960s by Robert Huggins and Carl Wagner, who studied the movement of ions in solids. [1]