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The secondary structural features of IL-13 are similar to that of Interleukin 4 (IL-4); however it only has 25% sequence identity to IL-4 and is capable of IL-4 independent signaling. [ 7 ] [ 4 ] [ 8 ] IL-13 is a cytokine secreted by T helper type 2 (Th2) cells, CD4 cells, natural killer T cell , mast cells , basophils , eosinophils and ...
Lebrikizumab, sold under the brand name Ebglyss is a humanized monoclonal antibody used for the treatment of atopic dermatitis (atopic eczema). [ 7 ] [ 8 ] It is an interleukin-13 antagonist. [ 7 ] It is given by subcutaneous injection .
These drugs act by binding the IL-2a receptor's α chain, preventing the IL-2 induced clonal expansion of activated lymphocytes and shortening their survival. They are used in the prophylaxis of the acute organ rejection after bilateral kidney transplantation , both being similarly effective and with only few side-effects.
Dupilumab, sold under the brand name Dupixent, is a monoclonal antibody blocking interleukin 4 and interleukin 13, used for allergic diseases such as atopic dermatitis (eczema), asthma and nasal polyps which result in chronic sinusitis. [6] [7] [8] [4] It is also used for the treatment of eosinophilic esophagitis, [9] prurigo nodularis [10] and ...
[20] [21] IL-31 is a key cytokine at the pruritogenic receptors at neurons near the skin, and also induces peripheral blood mononuclear cells and keratinocytes to release pro-inflammatory cytokines. [16] Suppression of IL-4 and IL-13 causes a decrease of T h 2-cell differentiation, which plays a role in atopic dermatitis. [19]
Atopic dermatitis (AD), also known as atopic eczema, is a long-term type of inflammation of the skin. [2] Atopic dermatitis is also often called simply eczema but the same term is also used to refer to dermatitis, the larger group of skin conditions. [2] [5] Atopic dermatitis results in itchy, red, swollen, and cracked skin. [2]
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Activated STAT6 molecules form dimers which translocate to the nucleus to bind responsive elements (e.g. CD23 promoter in B cells, [12] arginase1 enhancer in macrophages [13]) The binding affinity of IL-4 for IL-4Rα is much higher than IL-13 for the IL-13Rα1, hence IL-4 would out-compete IL-13 for receptor availability within IL4R2 at parity ...