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Lateral strike-slip faults. Strike-slip faults occur when the blocks slide against each other laterally, parallel to the plane. The direction of the slip can be observed from either side of the fault, with the far block moving to the left indicating a left lateral slip, and the converse indicating a right lateral slip. See animation here [5]
An idealized strike-slip fault runs in a straight line with a vertical dip and has only horizontal motion, thus there is no change in topography due to motion of the fault. In reality, as strike-slip faults become large and developed, their behavior changes and becomes more complex. A long strike-slip fault follows a staircase-like trajectory ...
Strike-slip faults are associated with dominantly horizontal movement, leading to relatively simple linear zones of surface rupture where the fault is a simple planar structure. However, many strike-slip faults are formed of overlapping segments, leading to complex zones of normal or reverse faulting depending on the nature of the overlap.
Magmatism along strike-slip faults is the process of rock melting, magma ascent and emplacement, associated with the tectonics and geometry of various strike-slip settings, most commonly occurring along transform boundaries at mid-ocean ridge spreading centres [1] and at strike-slip systems parallel to oblique subduction zones. [2]
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The partitioning of strain occurs through the development of a strike slip or shear zone (shown with red arrows) across the actively deforming region (brown). Adaptation and modification from (Teyssier et al., 1995; [ 10 ] Fossen, 2012; [ 3 ] Jones and Tanner, 1995; [ 1 ] Sanderson and Marchini, 1984 [ 13 ] )
Diagram of fault geometry (in map view) that leads to transtension at the bend or step-over. Releasing bends are transtensional structures that form where the orientation of a strike-slip fault becomes oblique to the regional slip vector causing local extension (such as a right stepping bend on a right-lateral fault). [1]
When a strike-slip fault is offset along strike such that the resulting bend in the fault hinders easy movement, e.g. a right stepping bend on a sinistral (left-lateral) fault, this will cause local shortening or transpression. Examples include the 'Big Bend' region of the San Andreas Fault, [6] and parts of the Dead Sea Transform. [7]