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Ocular myasthenia gravis (MG) is a disease of the neuromuscular junction resulting in hallmark variability in muscle weakness and fatigability. MG is an autoimmune disease where anomalous antibodies are produced against the naturally occurring acetylcholine receptors in voluntary muscles. MG may be limited to the muscles of the eye (ocular MG ...
Diplopia. Diplopia. Other names. Double vision. One way a person might experience double vision. Specialty. Neurology, ophthalmology. Diplopia is the simultaneous perception of two images of a single object that may be displaced horizontally or vertically in relation to each other. [ 1] Also called double vision, it is a loss of visual focus ...
Orthopnea or orthopnoea [1] is shortness of breath (dyspnea) that occurs when lying flat, [2] causing the person to have to sleep propped up in bed or sitting in a chair. It is commonly seen as a late manifestation of heart failure, resulting from fluid redistribution into the central circulation, causing an increase in pulmonary capillary pressure and causing difficulty in breathing.
Sixth nerve palsy, or abducens nerve palsy, is a disorder associated with dysfunction of cranial nerve VI (the abducens nerve ), which is responsible for causing contraction of the lateral rectus muscle to abduct (i.e., turn out) the eye. [ 1] The inability of an eye to turn outward, results in a convergent strabismus or esotropia of which the ...
Central serous chorioretinopathy ( CSC or CSCR ), also known as central serous retinopathy ( CSR ), is an eye disease that causes visual impairment, often temporary, usually in one eye. [ 1][ 2] When the disorder is active it is characterized by leakage of fluid under the retina that has a propensity to accumulate under the central macula.
Central hypoventilation syndrome. Central hypoventilation syndrome ( CHS) is a sleep-related breathing disorder that causes ineffective breathing, apnea, or respiratory arrest during sleep (and during wakefulness in severe cases). CHS can either be congenital (CCHS) or acquired (ACHS) later in life. The condition can be fatal if untreated.
Pneumonia is an infection of one or both lungs caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi. Pain, cough, and fever ensue—and so does a sharp or stabbing chest pain that’s worse with deep breathing ...
Oculogyric crisis ( OGC) is a rare sudden, paroxysmal, dystonic reaction that may manifest in response to specific drugs, particularly neuroleptics, or medical conditions, such as movement disorders. This neurological phenomenon is characterized by a sustained dystonic, conjugate, involuntary upward deviation of both eyes lasting seconds to hours.