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Geometry (from the Ancient Greek: γεωμετρία; geo- "earth", -metron "measurement") arose as the field of knowledge dealing with spatial relationships. Geometry was one of the two fields of pre-modern mathematics, the other being the study of numbers ( arithmetic ). Classic geometry was focused in compass and straightedge constructions.
Geometry (from Ancient Greek γεωμετρία (geōmetría) 'land measurement'; from γῆ (gê) 'earth, land' and μέτρον (métron) 'a measure') [ 1] is a branch of mathematics concerned with properties of space such as the distance, shape, size, and relative position of figures. [ 2] Geometry is, along with arithmetic, one of the ...
The history of mathematics deals with the origin of discoveries in mathematics and the mathematical methods and notation of the past. Before the modern age and the worldwide spread of knowledge, written examples of new mathematical developments have come to light only in a few locales. From 3000 BC the Mesopotamian states of Sumer, Akkad and ...
Foundations of geometry is the study of geometries as axiomatic systems. There are several sets of axioms which give rise to Euclidean geometry or to non-Euclidean geometries. These are fundamental to the study and of historical importance, but there are a great many modern geometries that are not Euclidean which can be studied from this viewpoint.
History of the function concept. The mathematical concept of a function dates from the 17th century in connection with the development of the calculus; for example, the slope of a graph at a point was regarded as a function of the x -coordinate of the point. Functions were not explicitly considered in antiquity, but some precursors of the ...
In Indian astronomy, the study of trigonometric functions flourished in the Gupta period, especially due to Aryabhata (sixth century BC), who discovered the sine function, cosine function, and versine function. When during the Middle Ages, the study of trigonometry continued in Islamic mathematics, by mathematicians such as Al-Khwarizmi and Abu ...
Indian mathematics emerged in the Indian subcontinent [ 1] from 1200 BCE [ 2] until the end of the 18th century. In the classical period of Indian mathematics (400 CE to 1200 CE), important contributions were made by scholars like Aryabhata, Brahmagupta, Bhaskara II, Varāhamihira, and Madhava. The decimal number system in use today [ 3] was ...
150 BC – Jain mathematicians in India write the "Sthananga Sutra", which contains work on the theory of numbers, arithmetical operations, geometry, operations with fractions, simple equations, cubic equations, quartic equations, and permutations and combinations. 140 BC – Hipparchus develops the bases of trigonometry.
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