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The Library of Celsus is considered an architectural marvel, and is one of the only remaining examples of great libraries of the ancient world located in the Roman Empire. It was the third-largest library in the Greco-Roman world behind only those of Alexandria and Pergamum, believed to have held around 12,000 scrolls. [5]
The Library of Celsus, which was founded by Celsus and completed by his son Tiberius Julius Aquila; the father is buried in a crypt beneath the library, in a decorated marble sarcophagus. [5] Tiberius Julius Celsus Polemaeanus was born around 45 CE to a family of Ancient Greek origin, [7] [8] [9] in either Ephesus or Sardis. [8]
The library was seriously damaged by the Herulian invasion of 267 and repaired later. During Byzantine times, three churches were built at the site, the remains of which are preserved. Library of Celsus (135–262 A.D.) (located within the city of Ephesus)
Celsus paid for the construction of the library with his own personal wealth [72] and is buried in a sarcophagus beneath it. [73] The library was mostly built by his son Gaius Julius Aquila [74] and once held nearly 12,000 scrolls. Designed with an exaggerated entrance — so as to enhance its perceived size, speculate many historians — the ...
The Library of Celsus in Ephesus, Anatolia, now part of Selçuk, Turkey was built in honor of the Roman Senator Tiberius Julius Celsus Polemaeanus [23] [24] (completed in AD 135) by Celsus' son, Tiberius Julius Aquila Polemaeanus (consul, 110). The library was built to store 12,000 scrolls and to serve as a monumental tomb for Celsus. The ...
However, Celsus's harshest criticism was reserved for Christians, who "wall themselves off and break away from the rest of mankind". [6] Celsus initiated a critical attack on Christianity, ridiculing many of its dogmas. He wrote that some Jews said Jesus's father was actually a Roman soldier named Pantera. Origen considered this a fabricated story.
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The contents of the Library of Celsus at Ephesus were destroyed by a fire in 262 C.E. caused either by an earthquake or by an invasion. The façade was toppled in another earthquake centuries later and reerected in 1970–78.