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Phenylglycine is the organic compound with the formula C 6 H 5 CH(NH 2)CO 2 H. It is a non-proteinogenic alpha amino acid related to alanine, but with a phenyl group in place of the methyl group. It is a white solid. The compound exhibits some biological activity. [1]
Naturally occurring phenethylamines are organic compounds which may be thought of as being derived from phenethylamine itself that are found in living organisms. Tyramine is a phenethylamine that occurs widely in plants [ 1 ] and animals , and is metabolized by various enzymes , including monoamine oxidases .
Other plants: Mimosa hostilis: DMT; Chacruna: DMT, NMT; Cebil and Yopo: DMT, 5-MeO-DMT, bufotenin; Mucuna pruriens; Morning glory species, notably Hawaiian Baby Woodrose: lysergic acid amide; Sinicuichi: Vertine, Lyfoline, Lythrine and other sinicuichi alkaloids; Monotropa uniflora: Grayanotoxin (also found in Rhododendron pollen and mad honey)
The phenolic unit can be found dimerized or further polymerized, creating a new class of polyphenol. For example, ellagic acid is a dimer of gallic acid and forms the class of ellagitannins, or a catechin and a gallocatechin can combine to form the red compound theaflavin, a process that also results in the large class of brown thearubigins in tea.
N-Phenylglycine is an organic compound with the formula C 6 H 5 NHCH 2 CO 2 H. This white solid achieved fame as the industrial precursor to indigo dye . [ 1 ] It is a non-proteinogenic alpha amino acid related to sarcosine , but with an N - phenyl group in place of N - methyl .
The compounds of these secondary metabolites (As seen in Figure 1) are found in over 2000 plant species. Its structure allows the release of cyanide, a poison produced by certain bacteria, fungi, and algae that is found in numerous plants. Animals and humans possess the ability to detoxify cyanide from their systems naturally.
Opiates are alkaloid compounds naturally found in the Papaver somniferum plant (opium poppy). The psychoactive compounds found in the opium plant include morphine, codeine, and thebaine. Opiates have long been used for a variety of medical conditions with evidence of opiate trade and use for pain relief as early as the eighth century AD.
Pharmacognosy is the study of crude drugs obtained from medicinal plants, animals, fungi, and other natural sources. [1] The American Society of Pharmacognosy defines pharmacognosy as "the study of the physical, chemical, biochemical , and biological properties of drugs, drug substances, or potential drugs or drug substances of natural origin ...