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Navigational instruments are instruments used by nautical navigators and pilots as tools of their trade. The purpose of navigation is to ascertain the present position and to determine the speed, direction , etc. to arrive at the port or point of destination.
1859 Helmsman's marine sandglass, in a four-column wood stand. A marine sandglass is a timepiece of simple design that is a relative of the common hourglass, a marine (nautical) instrument known since the 14th century (although reasonably presumed to be of very ancient use and origin).
A marine chronometer is a precision timepiece that is carried on a ship and employed in the determination of the ship's position by celestial navigation.It is used to determine longitude by comparing Greenwich Mean Time (GMT), and the time at the current location found from observations of celestial bodies.
In the following lists, the designation letter ("Des." column) is a reference assigned to the chronometer while it was on board ship and was used to identify the instrument in logged tables of chronometer readings during the voyage. It was a temporary designation with no relevance once the ship's mission was over.
Spencer, Browning & Rust was a London firm that manufactured instruments for navigational use during the 18th and 19th centuries. The predecessor company of Spencer and Browning was established by William Spencer and Samuel Browning in 1778, before they entered into partnership with Ebenezer Rust in 1784.
Thomas S. Negus (May 1, 1828 – March 17, 1894) was a 19th-century American businessman. He was well known for the manufacture and sale of maritime chronometers and nautical instruments in New York City under the name T.S. & J.D. Negus Company.
Three Mariner's Astrolabes in the Museum of the Forte da Ponta da Bandeira; Lagos, Portugal. The mariner's astrolabe, also called sea astrolabe, was an inclinometer used to determine the latitude of a ship at sea by measuring the sun's noon altitude (declination) or the meridian altitude of a star of known declination.
The traverse board is a wooden board with peg-holes and attached pegs. It is divided into two parts, upper and lower. The top part is for recording direction sailed.It has a representation of the compass rose with its 32 compass points, just as on the face of the ship's compass.
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