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Citizenship is a membership and allegiance to a sovereign state. [1] [a]Though citizenship is often conflated with nationality in today's English-speaking world, [3] [4] [5] international law does not usually use the term citizenship to refer to nationality; [6] [7] these two notions are conceptually different dimensions of collective membership.
Global citizenship is a form of transnationality, specifically the idea that one's identity transcends geography or political borders and that responsibilities or rights are derived from membership in a broader global class of "humanity".
Many countries (United Kingdom, Germany, United States, Canada) allow citizenship by marriage only if the foreign spouse is a permanent resident of the country in which citizenship is sought; others (Switzerland, Luxembourg) allow foreign spouses of expatriate citizens to obtain citizenship after a certain period of marriage, and sometimes also ...
The second generation born in a country (i.e. "third generation" in the above definition) In the United States, among demographers and other social scientists, "second generation" refers to the U.S.-born children of foreign-born parents. [14] The term second-generation immigrant attracts criticism due to it being an oxymoron.
The Constitution of the United States did not define either nationality or citizenship, but in Article 1, section 8, clause 4 gave Congress the authority to establish a naturalization law. [10] Before the American Civil War and adoption of the Fourteenth Amendment , there was no other language in the Constitution dealing with nationality.
Citizenship is a legal status in a political institution such as a city or a state.The relationship between a citizen and the institution that confers this status is formal, and in contemporary liberal-democratic models includes both a set of rights that the citizen possesses by virtue of this relationship, and a set of obligations or duties that they owe to that institution and their fellow ...
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A foreign national is any person (including an organization) who is not a national of a specific country. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] For example, in the United States and in its territories , a foreign national is something or someone who is neither a citizen nor a national of the United States. [ 3 ]