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Unlike cocaine, a vasoconstrictor, procaine does not have the euphoric and addictive qualities that put it at risk for abuse. Procaine, an ester anesthetic, is metabolized in the plasma by the enzyme pseudocholinesterase through hydrolysis into para-amino benzoic acid (PABA), which is then excreted by the kidneys into the urine.
However, dimethocaine is a legal cocaine replacement in some countries and is even listed by the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA) under the category “synthetic cocaine derivatives”. [1] The structure of dimethocaine, being a 4-aminobenzoic acid ester, resembles that of procaine. It is found as a white powder ...
Crack-cocaine: Benzocaine: Coco snow: Crack cut with benzocaine. Benzocaine is a dental anaesthetic that mimics coke's numbing effect. Crack-cocaine: Procaine: Double rock: Crack cut with procaine. Procaine is a dental anaesthetic that mimics coke's numbing effect. LSD: Strychnine: Back breakers (sometimes backbreaker)
The structure of cocaine with relevant structural motifs for activity at the dopamine transporter highlighted. While it was originally thought that the 2β-carbomethoxy moiety interacted with the DAT through hydrogen bonding, subsequent research has indicated that electrostatic (ionic) interactions are the primary means of interactions with the DAT.
Cocaine stimulates the mesolimbic pathway in the brain. [15] Mental effects may include an intense feeling of happiness, sexual arousal, loss of contact with reality, or agitation. [12] Physical effects may include a fast heart rate, sweating, and dilated pupils. [12] High doses can result in high blood pressure or high body temperature. [16]
Trituration of the free base from cocaine hydrochloride (or "cooking") is done by dissolving the cocaine hydrochloride in water over constant heat, while simultaneously adding a base (such as baking soda) to form the free base cocaine. The free base of cocaine forms a solid "rock", pieces of which can be smoked directly (crack cocaine). [4]
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procaine: Novocain, borocaine (procaine borate), ethocaine 1904 (Alfred Einhorn) 1905 (Heinrich Braun) procainamide: proparacaine: proxymetacaine propoxycaine [16] Pyrrocaine [17] quinisocaine dimethisoquin [18] ropivacaine: Naropin 1957 (Ekenstam) 1997 trimecaine: Mesdicain, Mesocain, Mesokain tetracaine: amethocaine, Dicaine, Pontocaine