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Procaine, an ester anesthetic, is metabolized in the plasma by the enzyme pseudocholinesterase through hydrolysis into para-amino benzoic acid (PABA), which is then excreted by the kidneys into the urine. A 1% procaine injection has been recommended for the treatment of extravasation complications associated with venipuncture, steroids, and ...
procaine: Novocain, borocaine (procaine borate), ethocaine 1904 (Alfred Einhorn) 1905 (Heinrich Braun) procainamide: proparacaine: proxymetacaine propoxycaine [16] Pyrrocaine [17] quinisocaine dimethisoquin [18] ropivacaine: Naropin 1957 (Ekenstam) 1997 trimecaine: Mesdicain, Mesocain, Mesokain tetracaine: amethocaine, Dicaine, Pontocaine
ATC code N01 Anesthetics is a therapeutic subgroup of the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System, a system of alphanumeric codes developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) for the classification of drugs and other medical products.
Many local anesthetics fall into two general chemical classes, amino esters (top) and amino amides (bottom). A local anesthetic (LA) is a medication that causes absence of all sensation (including pain) in a specific body part without loss of consciousness, [1] providing local anesthesia, as opposed to a general anesthetic, which eliminates all sensation in the entire body and causes ...
It is a form of penicillin which is a salt of benzylpenicillin and the local anaesthetic agent procaine. [9] The salt has weak solubility, and is prepared as a suspension. Upon injection it forms a deposit within tissue (a "depot'), and the salt slowly dissolves into interstitial fluid - dissociating the two molecules into their bioactive forms over an extended pe
Structurally, amino esters consist of three molecular components: a lipophilic part (ester); an intermediate aliphatic chain; a hydrophilic part (amine); The chemical linkage between the lipophilic part and the intermediate chain can be of the amide-type or the ester-type, and is the general basis for the current classification of local anesthetics.
Image credits: Sasha Weilbaker #4 Wind Blades. Humpback Whales are one of the largest weighing animals of the world, yet they are profound swimmers, which attributes down to its flippers (fins).
Benzonatate is structurally related to anesthetic medications of the para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) class which includes procaine and tetracaine. [3] [22] [12] Procaine and tetracaine, previously used heavily in the fields of dentistry and anesthesiology, have fallen out of favor due to allergies associated with their metabolites. [22]