Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
Prognosis (Greek: πρόγνωσις "fore-knowing, foreseeing"; pl.: prognoses) is a medical term for predicting the likelihood or expected development of a disease, including whether the signs and symptoms will improve or worsen (and how quickly) or remain stable over time; expectations of quality of life, such as the ability to carry out daily activities; the potential for complications and ...
Another example is when early diagnosis by screening may not prolong the life of someone but just determine the propensity of the person to a disease or medical condition, such as by DNA testing. [1] No additional life span has been gained, and the patient may even be subject to added anxiety as the patient must live for longer with knowledge ...
The mortality rate – often confused with the CFR – is a measure of the relative number of deaths (either in general, or due to a specific cause) within the entire population per unit of time. [2] A CFR, in contrast, is the number of deaths among the number of diagnosed cases only, regardless of time or total population.
In broad usage, the "practical clinical significance" answers the question, how effective is the intervention or treatment, or how much change does the treatment cause. In terms of testing clinical treatments, practical significance optimally yields quantified information about the importance of a finding, using metrics such as effect size, number needed to treat (NNT), and preventive fraction ...
A nocebo effect is said to occur when a patient's expectations for a treatment cause the treatment to have a worse effect than it otherwise would have. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] For example, when a patient anticipates a side effect of a medication, they can experience that effect even if the "medication" is actually an inert substance. [ 1 ]
Causal analysis is the field of experimental design and statistics pertaining to establishing cause and effect. [1] Typically it involves establishing four elements: correlation, sequence in time (that is, causes must occur before their proposed effect), a plausible physical or information-theoretical mechanism for an observed effect to follow from a possible cause, and eliminating the ...
Inflammation for example has a recognised group of cardinal signs and symptoms, [44] as does exacerbations of chronic bronchitis, [45] and Parkinson's disease. In contrast to a pathognomonic cardinal sign, the absence of a sign or symptom can often rule out a condition. This is known by the Latin term sine qua non.
Causal inference is the process of determining the independent, actual effect of a particular phenomenon that is a component of a larger system. The main difference between causal inference and inference of association is that causal inference analyzes the response of an effect variable when a cause of the effect variable is changed.