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return a reference from a method arraylength be 1011 1110 arrayref → length get the length of an array astore 3a 0011 1010 1: index objectref → store a reference into a local variable #index: astore_0 4b 0100 1011 objectref → store a reference into local variable 0 astore_1 4c 0100 1100 objectref → store a reference into local variable 1
Object model instruction 0x72 ldstr <string> Push a string object for the literal string. Object model instruction 0xD0 ldtoken <token> Convert metadata token to its runtime representation. Object model instruction 0xFE 0x07 ldvirtftn <method> Push address of virtual method on the stack. Object model instruction 0xDD leave <int32 (target)>
In the Java virtual machine, internal type signatures are used to identify methods and classes at the level of the virtual machine code. Example: The method String String. substring (int, int) is represented in bytecode as Ljava / lang / String. substring (II) Ljava / lang / String;. The signature of the main method looks like this: [2]
Compiled to a 1-byte value, indicating an offset into the local variable frame. method name: The string name of a method. When compiled, the address of the method is calculated and put into the constant pool. This operand is then replaced with the 2-byte index (in the constant pool) of the address. constant name: The string name of a constant.
The last argument of the method may be declared as a variable arity parameter, in which case the method becomes a variable arity method (as opposed to fixed arity methods) or simply varargs method. This allows one to pass a variable number of values, of the declared type, to the method as parameters - including no parameters.
In Java, the signature of a method or a class contains its name and the types of its method arguments and return value, where applicable. The format of signatures is documented, as the language, compiler, and .class file format were all designed together (and had object-orientation and universal interoperability in mind from the start).
A reference variable, once declared and bound, behaves as an alias of the original variable, but it can also be rebounded to another variable by using the reference assignment operator = ref. The variable itself can be of any type, including value types and reference types, i.e. by passing a variable of a reference type by reference (alias) to ...
For object values, the reference cannot change. This allows the Java compiler to "capture" the value of the variable at run-time and store a copy as a field in the inner class. Once the outer method has terminated and its stack frame has been removed, the original variable is gone but the inner class's private copy persists in the class's own ...