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The skills and competencies considered "21st century skills" share common themes, based on the premise that effective learning, or deeper learning, requires a set of student educational outcomes that include acquisition of robust core academic content, higher-order thinking skills, and learning dispositions.
According to a study conducted by Gettinger and Seiberts (2002), students across all grade levels who possess strong study skills tend to excel academically. However, they suggest, for study skills to be truly effective in promoting academic competence, students must exhibit enough willingness and motivation to engage in studying.
In a competency-based education framework, students demonstrate their learned knowledge and skills in order to achieve specific predetermined "competencies." [3] The set of competencies for a specific course or at a specific educational institution is sometimes referred to as the competency architecture. [4]
The Common Core State Standards Initiative, also known as simply Common Core, was an American, multi-state educational initiative begun in 2010 with the goal of increasing consistency across state standards, or what K–12 students throughout the United States should know in English language arts and mathematics at the conclusion of each school grade.
Bloom's taxonomy is a framework for categorizing educational goals, developed by a committee of educators chaired by Benjamin Bloom in 1956. It was first introduced in the publication Taxonomy of Educational Objectives: The Classification of Educational Goals.
People may have several skills, some unrelated to each other, and each skill will typically be at one of the stages at a given time. Many skills require practice to remain at a high level of competence. The four stages suggest that individuals are initially unaware of how little they know, or unconscious of their incompetence.
In acquiring new skills, students must first rely on rules and procedures while deliberately figuring out what to do. As they gain experience and progress towards expertise, students gradually let go of the rules and procedures while gaining the ability to act fluidly, without making decisions or deliberating.
All students are believed to be capable of learning and of meeting high expectations. Both advanced and struggling students can learn new things in their own ways and at their own rates. Instruction that helps an individual student learn the information and skills listed in the standards is emphasized. Both excellence and equity are valued.