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It is a measure of the cohesive forces that bind ionic solids. The size of the lattice energy is connected to many other physical properties including solubility, hardness, and volatility. Since it generally cannot be measured directly, the lattice energy is usually deduced from experimental data via the Born–Haber cycle. [1]
The Born–Landé equation is a means of calculating the lattice energy of a crystalline ionic compound.In 1918 [1] Max Born and Alfred Landé proposed that the lattice energy could be derived from the electrostatic potential of the ionic lattice and a repulsive potential energy term.
The Born–Mayer equation is an equation that is used to calculate the lattice energy of a crystalline ionic compound.It is a refinement of the Born–Landé equation by using an improved repulsion term.
Born–Haber cycles are used primarily as a means of calculating lattice energy (or more precisely enthalpy [note 1]), which cannot otherwise be measured directly. The lattice enthalpy is the enthalpy change involved in the formation of an ionic compound from gaseous ions (an exothermic process ), or sometimes defined as the energy to break the ...
The calculated lattice energy gives a good estimation for the Born–Landé equation; the real value differs in most cases by less than 5%. Furthermore, one is able to determine the ionic radii (or more properly, the thermochemical radius) using the Kapustinskii equation when the lattice energy is known.
In order for a permanent defect to be produced from initially perfect crystal lattice, the kinetic energy that it receives must be larger than the formation energy of a Frenkel pair. However, while the Frenkel pair formation energies in crystals are typically around 5–10 eV, the average threshold displacement energies are much higher, 20–50 ...
The thermal conductivity of a material is a measure of its ability to conduct heat.It is commonly denoted by , , or and is measured in W·m −1 ·K −1.. Heat transfer occurs at a lower rate in materials of low thermal conductivity than in materials of high thermal conductivity.
Unit cell definition using parallelepiped with lengths a, b, c and angles between the sides given by α, β, γ [1]. A lattice constant or lattice parameter is one of the physical dimensions and angles that determine the geometry of the unit cells in a crystal lattice, and is proportional to the distance between atoms in the crystal.